**4. Conclusions**

In the present study, the performance of HEC-RAS 1D model for modeling morphodynamic processes in the Tarbela Reservoir was tested using sediment rating curves and WA-ANN-based sediment load boundary conditions. A data series from 2005–2013 was used in the calibration, while a data series from 2014–2017 was used in the validation process. Based on the study results, the following conclusions can be drawn:


On the basis of the above conclusions, the following recommendations are being put forward:


**Author Contributions:** Z.R.T. defined the problem, outlined the research plan, carried out the research, and interpreted and drafted the outcome. S.R.A. calculated and analyzed flow and sediment concentration data, prepared SRCs, and made significant contributions to improve the draft. S.u.H. contributed the hydrological model for future flows of the Indus River. S.A.-U.-R. and M.D.B. developed WA-ANN models for setting sediment load boundary conditions and helped in the preparation of this paper with proof reading and corrections. R.M.A.W. collected/collated all the relevant data from different sources. Z.M.K. and I.A. supervised and directed the research study and reviewed the end result critically.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Acknowledgments:** The study data were provided by the Tarbela Dam Organisation of WAPDA upon specific request of College of Earth and Environmental Sciences (CEES). We appreciate their help and cooperation. Shabeh ul Hasson also acknowledges the support and funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) through the Cluster of Excellence 'CliSAP' (EXC177), and under Germany's Excellence Strategy –EXC 2037 'CLICCS - Climate, Climatic Change, and Society' –Project Number: 390683824, contribution to the Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN) of Universität Hamburg. The corresponding author is also grateful to Rohit Kumar, DNZE Munich, for his help.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
