**Abbreviations**

AIF, apoptosis-inducing factor; ANT, adenine nucleotide translocator; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; Ca2+, calcium; CsA, cyclosporine A; CypD, cyclophilin D; Cyt c, cytochrome c; Cx43, connexin 43; HIF-1<sup>α</sup>, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α; HSP90, heat shock protein 90; I/R, ischemia/reperfusion; IMM, inner mitochondrial membrane; IPC, ischemic preconditioning; KATP, ATP-sensitive potassium channel; MPC, metabolic preconditioning; mPTP, mitochondrial permeability transition pores; mtCx43, mitochondrial connexin 43; NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NO, nitric oxide; OMM, outer mitochondrial membrane; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; PiC, phosphate carrier protein; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RPC, remote ischemic preconditioning; SSM, subsarcolemmal mitochondria; Δψ, mitochondrial membrane potential.
