where:


The seasonal variation of both kinds of renewables is described by the cosine equation:

$$\mathcal{W}\_{\dot{i}} = \frac{\mathcal{W}\_T}{365} - \Delta\mathcal{W}\cos\left(2\pi\frac{\dot{i} - \dot{i}\_{\mathcal{W}o}}{365}\right) \tag{5}$$

$$PV\_i = \frac{PV\_T}{365} - \Delta PV \cos\left(2\pi \frac{i - i\_{PVo}}{365}\right) \tag{6}$$

Equation (5) calculates the electricity *Wi* (GWh/day) generated from renewables except photovoltaics during the day of the year *i* (1, 2, ... , 365), when the following three parameters are known:


Equation (6) calculates the electricity *PVi* (GWh/day) generated from photovoltaics during the day of the year *i* (1, 2, ... , 365), when the following three parameters are known:


Concerning the daily variation, the following equations are proposed:

$$\mathcal{W}\_{ij} = \frac{\mathcal{W}\_i}{24} \tag{7}$$

$$PV\_{ij} = cf \frac{PV\_i}{24} \max\left(\cos\left(2\pi \frac{j - j\_{PVo}}{24}\right), 0\right) \tag{8}$$

Equation (7) calculates the electricity *Wij* (GWh/hour) generated from renewables except photovoltaics during the hour *j* (1, 2, ... , 24) of the day of the year *i* (1, 2, ... , 365), when the total daily electricity is calculated by Equation (5) (uniform distribution).

Equation (8) calculates the electricity *PVij* (GWh/hour) generated from photovoltaics during the hour *j* (1, 2, ... , 24) of the day *i* (1, 2, ... , 365), when the total daily electricity is calculated by Equation (6) and the following parameter is additionally known:

• *jPVo* hours the hour with maximum production from photovoltaics.

The correction factor *cf* is given by the equation: cf = *PVi* / #<sup>24</sup>*j*=<sup>1</sup> *PVij*
