**3. Results**

## *3.1. Neuropsychological Results*

Mean scores were computed for each measure, for the three groups, and are shown in Table 1.


**Table 1.** Neuropsychological test results for the three groups.

\* Significant at *p* < 0.05.

Scores on the PCS for number of symptoms reported and total symptom score were submitted to a between-groups ANOVA. Results showed significant di fferences across groups for both number of reported symptoms ( *F*(2,49) = 8.40, *p* = 0.001, η2 = 0.23) and total symptom score ( *F*(2,49) = 6.61, *p* = 0.003, η2 = 0.19). Post hoc analysis showed that subacute and chronic mTBI groups reported more symptoms than controls (number of symptoms: *p* < 0.05; total score: *p* < 0.05). There was no significant di fference between subacute and chronic mTBI (number of symptoms and total score: *p* > 0.05).

Analyses for the BAI and BDI-II were conducted on the total score for each group. There were no significant group di fferences for anxiety scores on the BAI ( *F*(2,55) = 1.41, *p* = 0.25). There was a significant difference for depression scores on the BDI-II (*F*(2,55) = 4.10, *p* = 0.02, η2 = 0.13), with post hoc analysis showing that the subacute mTBI group reported higher levels of depressive symptoms than the control group (*p* < 0.03), although not reaching the clinical criteria for depression (Beck, Sterr, and Garbin, 1988).

TEA Map Search analyses were conducted on the 1 min and 2 min conditions. There were no significant between-group differences for these two conditions (1 min: *F*(2,55) = 1.55, *p* = 0.22), 2 min: *F*(2,55) = 1.04, *p* = 0.36).

The D-KEFS Trails (conditions 1 to 5) analyses showed significant between group differences for Trail 2 (number sequencing) (*F*(2,55) = 3.17, *p* = 0.05, η2 = 0.10), Trail 3 (letter sequencing) (*F*(2,55) = 4.14, *p* = 0.02, η2 = 0.13) and Trail 4 (number-letter sequencing, switching condition) (*F*(2,55) = 3.62, *p* = 0.03, η2 = 0.12). There were no between-group differences for Trail 1 (detection condition) (*F* (2,55) = 1.2, *p* > 0.31) or Trail 5 (motor control condition) (*F*(2,55) = 1.62, *p* = 0.21). Also, the three groups had equivalent number of errors (*F*(2,55) = 0.21, *p* = 0.82). Post hoc analyses showed that subacute mTBI participants had slower completion times than the control group for Trail 2 (*p* < 0.09), Trail 3 (*p* < 0.02) and Trail 4 (*p* < 0.03).
