**5. Conclusions**

In conclusion, we have confirmed that working memory training produces cognitive effects for the task that was trained in both controls and ADHD patients. In particular, improvement in early attentional processes in ADHD is likely to be the most beneficial effect of WMT with the dual *n*-back task if the training required a high cognitive effort for divided attention, such as in the case of the adaptive condition. Transfer effects to fluid intelligence occurring only in controls might be associated with the development of a late parietal negativity elicited by a risky decision-making task.

**Author Contributions:** Author Contributions: methodology, M.E.J., S.K.M., A.E.P.V., M.B., and A.L.; validation, A.L.; formal analysis, M.E.J., S.K.M., and A.L.; writing—original draft, M.E.J., A.L.; investigation, S.K.M., A.E.P.V., M.B., and A.L.; supervision, A.E.P.V., M.B.; conceptualization, A.E.P.V., M.B., and A.L.; funding acquisition, A.E.P.V., M.B.; writing—review and editing, A.E.P.V. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation gran<sup>t</sup> number CR13I1-138032.

**Acknowledgments:** The Authors are grateful to the ADHD patients and their families who kindly agreed to be part of the project. They also wish to thank Maria Soares Duarte for the psychological screening, and Damiano Cereghetti for the technical assistance in the development of the dual *n*-back task.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
