**1. Introduction**

CO2 emissions into the atmosphere are a growing environmental problem in different industrial sectors. The construction sector is no stranger to this problem considering gaseous emissions are derived from manufacturing processes of materials used mostly in construction, such as ceramic materials or cement [1]. Independent of the existing controversy regarding the uncertainty of the sensitivity of the climate in the international scientific community [2], the most negative forecasts consider some of the effects predicted by the uncontrolled emission of greenhouse gases as a possible increase in Earth's temperature, climatic alterations that will accelerate desertification, and a possible loss of part of the coastline due to the rise in sea levels.

In the current scenario, the challenges of reducing emissions cannot solely be met with greater energy efficiency and renewable energy resources in the generation phase. It is absolutely necessary to act on the management and treatment of emissions. For this reason, research aimed at capturing CO2 is of vital importance in order to achieve the standards set as an objective.

Mineral-carbonation systems for CO2 fixation are another option for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Although less efficient than geological storage, they are much simpler, cheaper, and have fewer requirements, which responds to the requirement of ecological rationality raised above. The present work deals with the possibilities of using construction and demolition waste as CO2 reservoirs. Preliminary research has shown that construction materials containing calcium and/or magnesium in their composition in the form of silicates, oxides, and hydroxides, which can react with CO2 to give rise to carbonates, thus constituting a possible alternative for mineral carbonation from ceramic waste within options for CO2 capture/storage [3–6]. This possibility is based on the capacity of construction and demolition waste with a high content of calcium and/or magnesium in the form of silicates, oxides, and hydroxides to fix CO2 under optimal conditions, using a chemical reaction whose product is the formation of carbonates and silica as stable by-products. This process of carbonation occurs naturally with very slow kinetics; it is of interest to design a system and methodology to accelerate this process to make the capture of CO2 from anthropogenic activity profitable, achieving maximal industrial and energy efficiency. There are several patents and studies that use residues with a high calcium content from different types of industrial waste for their carbonation [7–22].

The present work presents a methodological sequence for the control and validation of a viable alternative of CCS using mineral carbonation of construction and demolition waste (bricks, concrete, tiles) with a high content of silicates rich in calcium and magnesium. In this case, those with a high content of ceramic materials and cementitious conglomerate (mortar and concrete) can be considered optimal landfills for their transformation into CO2 sinks [23,24].

A laboratory model was tested that indicated the efficiency of the system, ensuring extrapolated conditions at a landfill scale were in accordance with the difficulty involved in the reproduction of parameters that can be controlled at a laboratory scale. In this sense, it is necessary to establish a system that approximately reproduces conditions of isolation, humidity, dimensions, and others that, with generic character, can be reached in a controlled residue deposit. The physical–chemical and mineralogical mechanisms, the external conditions that have a decisive influence on the process, and the kinetics of capture and carbonation reactions that favor gas fixation and stabilization were analyzed. The control and verification procedures of the process were also analyzed, which allowed the adequate monitoring and optimization of the process.

## **2. Materials and Methods**
