*2.1. Data Source*

Data for this study are based on the Gallup-Sharecare Well-Being Index (WBI) survey conducted between 2010 and 2012 in the United States. Every day, the Gallup Organization conducts computer-assisted telephone interviews (in English or Spanish) with 1000 randomly sampled U.S. adults (≥18 years of age) on political, economic, and well-being topics. Random-digit-dial (RDD) to landlines and cell phones was used to reach wireless-only and wireless-mostly households. Although the response rate is low, 9–11%, it is estimated that the Gallup sample covers more than 95% of the U.S. adult population. Gallup weights data daily to account for disproportionate selection in age, sex, geographic region, gender, education level, ethnicity, race, self-reported location, and phone use status [73].

## *2.2. Study Population*

The sample consists of survey participants interviewed between 2010 and 2012 who reported being currently employed by an employer for at least 30 h per week. Only workers who were employed by an employer were selected because this study focuses on supervisor behavior. In addition, full-time workers (i.e., those working 30 or more hours per week) were selected because results from this study would be more relevant to those who spend a greater proportion of their time at work, than those working part time.
