*2.1. Participants and Procedure*

Employees working in healthcare, education, and banking industries in South Korea participated in this study. Participants were recruited across multiple worksites within each industry from July to September 2014. Those worksites included 4 clinics and hospitals ("healthcare" industry), 6 elementary, middle and high schools ("education" industry), and 12 banks, insurance companies, and other financial institutions ("banking" industry). All worksites were located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, the capital city and the province area surrounding the capital city, respectively. Only regular employees (full-time, permanent employees, not temporary) and middle managers and below level (not high-level and executives) were invited to participate in the study.

A paper-pencil questionnaire measuring respondent's exposure to workplace bullying, work-to-family conflict, quality of life, occupational health, and demographic variables was administrated for about twenty minutes in the employee lounges, cafeterias, and lobbies at each workplace. Participants were briefed about the research purpose and requirements of this study, and then informed that their participation would be voluntary and anonymous, guaranteeing confidentiality. After they agreed to participate and provided consent, 444 questionnaires were distributed and 410 employees completed the survey, resulting in a high response rate of 92.3%. One of our main variables asked about the extent to which work experiences interfere with family and personal life (i.e., work-to-family conflict). Thus, we restricted our sample to those who were in heterosexual married/partnered status, because homosexual relationship is socially unacceptable and against the law in South Korea. Out of 410 employees who completed the questionnaire, 307 employees were heterosexual married/partnered, regular employees, and middle managers and below level at the time of survey, thus the final analytic sample of the current study. Their demographic information is provided in Table 1.


**Table 1.** Descriptive statistics of variables by sub-industry.

 Note: *N* = 307 Korean employees. Differing subscripts of a, b, and c indicate the results of post hoc analyses where a is higher than b (ab is not significantly different fromMeans and percentages with no subscripts do not significantly differ. \* *p* < 0.05, \*\* *p* < 0.01, \*\*\* *p* < 0.001.

Occupational health

 3.19

(0.88)

3.16ab

(0.94)

3.44a

(0.79)

3.03b

(0.84)

5.89 \*\*

 a or b).
