*1.4. Present Study*

Building on the work-family interface model [7–9], we examined the cross-sectional associations between workplace bullying, work-to-family conflict, and employees' well-being outcomes. Using data collected from three service industries (i.e., healthcare, education, and banking) in Korea, we tested the mediating role of work-to-family conflict in the associations of workplace bullying with quality of life and occupational health, two outcomes reflecting employees' overall well-being. Our hypotheses are as follows, with specific paths are illustrated in Figure 1.

**Hypotheses 1.** *More exposure to workplace bullying will be associated with higher work-to-family conflict ("a" path)*.

**Hypotheses 2.** *Higher work-to-family conflict will be associated with lower well-being, assessed by quality of life and occupational health ("b" path)*.

**Hypotheses 3.** *More exposure to workplace bullying will be indirectly associated with lower well-being, mediated by higher work-to-family conflict ("a* × *b")*.

**Figure 1.** Conceptual model examining the effect of workplace bullying on employees' well-being outcomes mediated by work-to-family conflict. **Note**: "a × b" indicates the indirect effect of X on Y through M. "c" indicates the total effect of X on Y.
