*Article* **Extracurricular Activities in Higher Education and the Promotion of Reflective Learning for Sustainability**

#### **Ariane Díaz-Iso, Almudena Eizaguirre \* and Ana García-Olalla**

University of Deusto, Avda. de las Universidades, 24, 48007 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain **\*** Correspondence: almudena.eizaguirre@deusto.es

Received: 24 July 2019; Accepted: 19 August 2019; Published: 21 August 2019

**Abstract:** The objective of higher education institutions is to integrate reflective learning that contributes to the development of a greater awareness among individuals of the importance of facing the 21st century's sustainability challenges. This paper analyzes the impact of an extracurricular volunteer activity in Tangier, Morocco in the development of student reflection at a Spanish university. To this end, two objectives were proposed: (1) to explore the students' primary reflections of the experience, and (2) analyze the students' perceptions of the importance of participating in the experience in order to develop reflective learning. In the study, in-depth interviews were conducted with 23 students who participated in the volunteer activity. Data analysis was carried out using Iramuteq software to conduct a descending hierarchical classification (DHC), and MAXQDA software to conduct a constant comparison analysis. This research highlights the value of voluntary extracurricular activities in the development of reflections that guide change in the beliefs, attitudes, and daily behaviors of students that ultimately result in sustainability. Due to this, not only is it considered essential that students participate in social projects, but also that they undertake these projects with peers and instructors who can create environments of support and trust.

**Keywords:** extracurricular activities; volunteering; higher education; reflection; reflective learning; sustainability; sustainable development
