*4.2. The Display of L2 Peptides on Eukaryotic VLP Platforms*

L2 peptides have also been displayed on VLPs derived from eukaryotic viruses such as HPV, bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1), adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, hepatitis B virus, and potato virus A (Table 2). All L2 peptides displayed on eukaryotic VLPs have been done by genetic insertion as described above. Inserted L2 peptides ranged from aa 17–36 (the most commonly inserted), aa 18–38, aa 56–75, aa 96–115, aa 108–120, aa 414–426, and so forth, and were derived mostly from HPV16. Inserted peptides were also derived from HPV31, HPV33, and HPV58 to a small extent (Table 2). The insertions have been made at different locations on the coat proteins. For example, on helix 4 loop (H4 helix, between aa 414/433 or between aa 430/433) on L1 coat protein of HPV16 (Table 2). Also, insertions have also been made between aa 136/177 (DE loop of L1 of HPV16), between aa 134/135 (DE loop of L1 of HPV18 and BPV1), and on the C-terminus of L1 coat protein of HPV18. Furthermore, insertions have also been made on some viruses/virus-associated particles. For example, insertions have been made on VP3 of Adeno-associated virus 2 virus particles at aa positions 587 and 453. Moreover, insertions have also been made on adenovirus types 5 and 35 (Table 2).


 **2.** Candidate eukaryotic VLP-based L2 HPV vaccines.

**Table**



significant, it was not complete. PsVs not bolded (in gray background) indicate that there was minimal protection/neutralization or no protection at all (not significant protection); # Ref: Reference; \$ QsV: quasivirus (composed of HPV capsid and cottontail rabbit papillomavirus genome).
