*Article* **Face Liveness Detection Using Thermal Face-CNN with External Knowledge**

**Jongwoo Seo 1 and In-Jeong Chung 2,\***


Received: 1 January 2019; Accepted: 6 March 2019; Published: 10 March 2019

**Abstract:** Face liveness detection is important for ensuring security. However, because faces are shown in photographs or on a display, it is difficult to detect the real face using the features of the face shape. In this paper, we propose a thermal face-convolutional neural network (Thermal Face-CNN) that knows the external knowledge regarding the fact that the real face temperature of the real person is 36~37 degrees on average. First, we compared the red, green, and blue (RGB) image with the thermal image to identify the data suitable for face liveness detection using a multi-layer neural network (MLP), convolutional neural network (CNN), and C-support vector machine (C-SVM). Next, we compared the performance of the algorithms and the newly proposed Thermal Face-CNN in a thermal image dataset. The experiment results show that the thermal image is more suitable than the RGB image for face liveness detection. Further, we also found that Thermal Face-CNN performs better than CNN, MLP, and C-SVM when the precision is slightly more crucial than recall through F-measure.

**Keywords:** face liveness detection; convolutional neural network; thermal image; external knowledge
