**Managing the Uncertainty and Accuracy of Life Cycle Assessment Results for the Process of Beverage Bottle Moulding**

**Patrycja Bałdowska-Witos 1,\*, Katarzyna Piotrowska 2, Weronika Kruszelnicka 1, Marek Błaszczak 2, Andrzej Tomporowski 1, Marek Opielak 2, Robert Kasner <sup>1</sup> and Józef Flizikowski <sup>1</sup>**


Received: 30 April 2020; Accepted: 4 June 2020; Published: 10 June 2020

**Abstract:** Using environmentally friendly materials in the technological process of bottle production fits perfectly into the idea of sustainable development. The use of natural raw materials as well as conscious energy consumption are strategic aspects that should be considered in order to improve the effectiveness of the bottle moulding process. This paper presents a new and structured approach to the analysis of uncertainty and sensitivity in life cycle assessment, one developed in order to support the design process of environmentally friendly food packaging materials. With regard to this "probabilistic" approach to life cycle assessment, results are expressed as ranges of environmental impacts, and alternative solutions are developed while offering the concept of input uncertainty and the effect thereof on the final result. This approach includes: (1) the evaluation of the quality of inputs (represented by the origin matrix); (2) the reliability of results and (3) the uncertainty of results (the Monte Carlo method). The use of the methodology is illustrated based on an experiment conducted with real data from the technological process of bottle production. The results provide insight into the uncertainty of life cycle assessment indicators regarding global warming, acidification and the use of arable fields and farmland.

**Keywords:** PLA bottle; bio-based and biodegradable polymers; life cycle assessment; environmental impact; Monte Carlo
