**2. Study Area**

For the purpose of the study two sites within the Musanze district, Amajyaruguru Province of Rwanda, representing an urban and sub-urban setting, respectively, were selected as case-study locations. The selection is based on the availability of UAV images and the morphology of cadastral boundaries. The urban site is located in the Muhoza sector and the sub-urban site is in the Busogo sector. Figure 1 gives an overall view of the study area.

**Figure 1.** Study areas. Two case study sites in Rwanda were selected, namely Busogo and Muhoza, representing a sub-urban and urban setting, respectively.

In 1962, land ownership in Rwanda had changed from customary law to a system of state ownership. In 2005, a new policy was accepted called Organic Land Law (OLL) with the aim to improve land tenure security. Rwanda is one of the countries which first tested the FFP approach. Since 2008, the country has been fully covered by aerial images acquired and processed by a Dutch company [16]. Even compromising with accuracy, Rwanda generated its national cadastral map based on these aerial images using a participatory mapping approach. However, due to the continuously changing environment, the data is currently outdated. New technologies supporting cheap, efficient and fit-for-purpose accurate cadastral mapping will largely facilitate the data updating practices in Rwanda. Therefore, the selection of the study area has been led by the impending local demand for data update.
