**5. Conclusions**

To recapitulate, our findings show that the more privileged segments of Catalonian citizenry were those that supported secession more consistently, using di fferent economic measures. They also show that these segments abruptly aligned their national identity towards the exclusive feeling "only Catalan", with high intensity and departing from recognizable points during the secessionist push. That trend was particularly important in the citizenry fraction that uses Catalan as their family language. On the other hand, poorer, fragile, and less protected Catalonian citizenry (using Spanish, mainly, as their family language) was mostly against secession. They presented also less polarized profiles or abrupt variations on national identity measures. All the data points to the conclusion that the Catalonian secessionist challenge was, in fact, a rebellion of the rich, well-situated, and predominantly well-protected people.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, J.M.O., A.S. and A.T.; methodology, J.M.O., A.S. and A.T.; software, J.M.O. and A.S.; validation, J.M.O. and A.S.; formal analysis, J.M.O. and A.S.; investigation, J.M.O., A.S. and A.T.; resources, J.M.O., A.S. and A.T.; data curation, J.M.O. and A.S.; writing—original draft preparation, A.T. and J.O.; writing—review and editing, A.T.; visualization, J.M.O.; funding acquisition A.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was partially funded by AFOSR-MINERVA FA9550-18-0496 Grant and Bial Foundation Grant 163/14, to sustain AT work.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

**Ethical Statements:** The data for this research came from the CEO barometers, the o fficial survey agency of the Regional Government. Full legal Spanish requirements and restrictions to conduct studies about voting and political opinion were complied, in accordance also with ESOMAR Int. Code on Market, Opinion and Social Research and Data Analytics. All the statistical analyses fulfilled conditions established by the Ethical Commissions of the University of Barcelona, Pompeu Fabra University and the Autonomous University of Barcelona for treatment of human data, when their source are surveys made by o fficial agencies or private firms under specific external regulations with due guarantees. An ethics approval was not required for this secondary analysis of the data, as per the authors' Institutions and national regulations.

**Data Availability:** As already stated the primary data is public and easily accesible at CEO web (Centre d'Estudis d'Opinió, http://ceo.gencat.cat/). In addition to the data provided here, many other analytical and graphic results were obtained for the period 2006–2019. In particular, all series of mosaic plots derived by crossing di fferent pairs of variables. All of them can be supplied by the authors to interested readers on demand.
