**Torrefaction as a Valorization Method Used Prior to the Gasification of Sewage Sludge**

**Halina Pawlak-Kruczek 1,\*, Mateusz Wnukowski 1, Lukasz Niedzwiecki 1, Michał Czerep 1, Mateusz Kowal 1, Krystian Krochmalny 1, Jacek Zgóra 1, Michał Ostrycharczyk 1, Marcin Baranowski 1, Wilhelm Jan Tic 2,3 and Joanna Guziałowska-Tic <sup>2</sup>**


Received: 30 November 2018; Accepted: 2 January 2019; Published: 6 January 2019

**Abstract:** The gasification and torrefaction of sewage sludge have the potential to make the thermal utilization of sewage sludge fully sustainable, thus limiting the use of expensive fossil fuels in the process. This includes sustainability in terms of electricity consumption. Although a great deal of work has been performed so far regarding the gasification of sewage sludge and some investigations have been performed in the area of its torrefaction, there is still a gap in terms of the influence of the torrefaction of the sewage sludge on its subsequent gasification. This study presents the results from the torrefaction tests, performed on a pilot scale reactor, as well as two consecutive steam gasification tests, performed in an allothermal fixed bed gasifier, in order to determine if torrefaction can be deemed as a primary method of the reduction of tar content for the producer gas, from the aforementioned gasification process. A comparative analysis is performed based on the results obtained during both tests, with special emphasis on the concentrations of condensable compounds (tars). The obtained results show that the torrefaction of sewage sludge, performed prior to gasification, can indeed have a positive influence on the gas quality. This is beneficial especially in terms of the content of heavy tars with melting points above 40 ◦C.

**Keywords:** sewage sludge; torrefaction; steam gasification; tars
