*2.2. Data Extraction*

All data in .txt format were downloaded from the WOS including title, authors' names, journal, year of publication, affiliations, a total of citation, keywords, and abstracts. All of these data were converted to xls. file (Microsoft Excel) for checking data error. After this, we filtered all downloaded data by sieving out papers that were: (1) not original articles and reviews, (2) unrelated to diabetes and AIs, and (3) not in English. Two researchers worked independently to guarantee the quality of data download and extraction. Any conflict in terms of paper selection was resolved by discussion. The collective dataset was eventually transferred into Stata 14.0 to be further analyzed (STATACorp., College Station, Texas, USA).
