**2. Results and Discussion**

Twenty alkaloid extracts from five different Chilean *Rhodophiala* species (Figures 2 and 3) were assessed for inhibitory activity towards the enzymes AChE and BuChE. The alkaloid composition of the extracts was analyzed by GC-MS and the single alkaloid content was quantified and reported as mg GAL/g alkaloid extract (AE). The extracts have been obtained as described in Section 2.2. Briefly, the (fresh) plant material was lyophilized to obtain the dry tissues content (values included in the Table) of the different plant parts investigated. The extraction yields are calculated and reported from the lyophilized plant material.

**Figure 2.** Map of Chile showing the collection sites of the *Rhodophiala* species. 1: Arcos de Calán; 2: Laguna del Maule; 3: Nevado de Chillán; 4: Las Trancas; 5: Volcán Lonquimay; 6: Malalcahuello; 7: Sierra Nevada. Map source: Google Earth.

**Figure 3.** Flowering *Rhodophiala* species from central-southern Chile. (**A**) *R. andicola* (Poepp.) Traub; (**B**) *R. araucana* (Phil.) Traub; (**C**) *R. montana* (Phil.) Traub; (**D**) *R. splendens* (Renjifo) Traub; (**E**) *R. pratensis* (Poepp.) Traub.; (**F**) *R. pratensis* white flowers and (**G**) *R. pratensis* plants with red and white flowers.
