*2.2. Study and Participant Characteristics*

The number of patients, the study design, and the inclusion and exclusion criteria for each of the included studies are listed in Table 1. As the three investigated treatment modalities are used for third line OAB syndromes management, most of the included patients were refractory or intolerant to the first and second line treatments.


Characteristics of the included randomized controlled trials.

**Table**

**1.**





**Author, Year [ref.]**

2010


pregnancy, DM,

anti-incontinence

pelvic tumor, radiation

SNM vs. Placebo

Neurological

pelvic pain symptoms

> 2000 Hassouna

[21] 2000 Weil [22]

 N/A

 Randomized

Refractory urinary

urge incontinence

N/A

 Randomized

Urgency/ frequency

symptoms,

Neurological

pelvic pain symptoms SUI, SCI, CVA within 6

months, DD, bleeding

SNM (*<sup>n</sup>* = 22) vs.

conservative

6

implant revision rate,

>50% reduction UIE

Incontinence,

 pad use,

> treatment (*<sup>n</sup>* = 20)

complication,

hydronephrosis,

 UTI, pelvic

pain

 VUR or

 condition, SUI,

SNM (*<sup>n</sup>* = 25) vs. no

SNM (*<sup>n</sup>* = 26)

6

refractory to

medication

 condition, SUI,

SNM (*<sup>n</sup>* = 34) vs.

6

>50% reduction UIE, SF-36, implant revision

Urinary

MBC, >50% reduction

UIE, implant revision,

SF-36

frequency/day,

Incontinence,

 pads/day,

> delay SNM (*<sup>n</sup>* = 42)

 surgery,

PTNS (*<sup>n</sup>* = 30) vs.

placebo (*<sup>n</sup>* = 30)

3

**Outcomes**

 urinary

 nocturia,

 reduction UIE

 OAB-qSF,

 GRA, voiding

 UUI

 volume, nocturia, OAB-qSF, PPIUS, PGI-I >50%

reduction UIE

frequency/day,

frequency/day,



CIC: clean intermittent catheterization; OABSS: overactive bladder symptom score; UTI: urinary tract infection; I-QoL: Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire; IIQ-7: Incontinence Impact Questionnaire, short form; MBC: maximal bladder capacity; SUI: Stress urinary incontinence; UDI-6: Urogenital Distress Inventory, Short Form; UUI: urge urinary incontinence; >50% reduction UIE: >50% reduction in urinary incontinence episodes; KHQ: King's Health Questionnaire score; Questionnaire SF: Questionnaire short form; PGI-I: Patient Global Impression of Improvement; SF-36: Short Form 36 Health survey; PPIUS: Patient Perception of Intensity of Urgency Scale; OAB-qSF: Overactive bladder questionnaire short form; GRA: Global response assessment.
