Urinary Frequency per Day

A total of nine studies contributed to the comparison of urine frequency per day [6–14]. Pair-wise comparisons with a random effects (RE) model revealed that all three modalities were more efficacious than the placebo (Table 2). The NMA (Network Meta-analysis) identified a greater reduction in the total number of micturition per day for SNM compared with the placebo, PTNS, and OnabotulinumtoxinA. There were no significant differences observed between OnabotulinumtoxinA and SNM (Table 3). The ranking probability results are shown in Figure 3. The ranking results for urinary frequency reduction was as follows: SNM ranked first, OnabotulinumtoxinA ranked second, PTNS ranked third, and placebo ranked fourth (Figure 3A).


**Table 3.** Summary of results from NMA (on the lower triangle) and traditional pairwise meta-analysis (on the upper triangle).

**Figure 3.** Treatment rankings for (**A**) urinary frequency/day, (**B**) incontinence, (**C**) urinary tract infection, and (**D**) urine retention needing clean intermittent catheterization.
