**7. Conclusions**

Based on recent basic and clinical studies, intravesical BoNT-A injection appears to be effective and safe in patients with DM-associated OAB. However, this hypothesis requires further validation through randomized controlled clinical studies. A comprehensive evaluation of DM complications and urodynamic studies is needed before BoNT-A treatment for DM-associated OAB to avoid the occurrence of adverse events. Finally, it is important to explore the status of the clinical characteristics and inflammatory biomarkers of DM as determining predictors of BoNT-A treatment efficacy in the future.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, H.-C.K.; methodology, C.-C.W.; formal analysis, C.-C.W. and Y.-H.J.; writing manuscript-draft, C.-C.W. and Y.-H.J.; writing—review and editing, H.-C.K.; supervision, H.-C.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Acknowledgments:** The authors thank the staff of Formosa Medical Editors for assistance with manuscript preparation.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

### **References**


© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
