**5. Conclusions**

The present study revealed that Brazilian propolis protects against MGO-induced glycation stress in mouse skeletal muscles. Brazilian propolis inhibits the accumulation of AGEs, promotes MGO detoxification, and reduces the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. However, Brazilian propolis does not prevent glycation-induced muscle mass reduction. These bioactivities of Brazilian propolis may be effective to protect skeletal muscle dysfunctions induced by aging and pathogenesis.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online at http://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/8/10/439/s1, Figure S1: Changes in body weight, Figure S2: Changes in food intake, Figure S1: Changes in fluid intake, Table S1: Muscle cross sectional area.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, T.E. and S.Y.; Investigation, T.E., Y.O., and S.Y.; Formal analysis, T.E. and Y.O.; Writing—original draft preparation, T.E., K.G., and T.H; Writing—review, S.T., T.Y., and T.H.; Supervision, S.T. and T.Y.; Funding acquisition, T.E, Y.O., S.Y., K.G., and T.H.

**Funding:** This study was supported in part by Yamada Research Grant (T.E.) and JSPS KAKENHI (T.E., 18H03148 and 19K22806; Y.O., 18K10796; S.Y., 16K16450 and 19K19854; K.G., 17K01762, 18H03160 and 19K22825; T.H., 19K11520); the Council for Science, Technology and Innovation; SIP (Funding agency: Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution, NARO) (T.H., 14533567). Additional research grants were provided by the Takeda Research Support (T.H., TKDS20170531015), the Science Research Promotion Fund from the Promotion and Mutual Aid Corporation for Private Schools of Japan; and Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University (K.G.).

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
