*2.1. Chemicals and Antibodies*

The antibodies used in the Western blot and immunofluorescence studies were anti-Nrf2 (sc-722), anti-HO1 (sc-136,961), anti-synaptosomal-associated protein 23 (SNAP-23) (sc-374,215), anti-PSD-95 (sc-71,933), anti-Syntaxin (sc-12,736), anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (sc-52,746), anti-PARP-1 (sc-8007), TLR4 (sc-16240), Synaptophysin (sc-17750), anti-interleukin (IL)-1β (sc-32,294), anti-Bax (sc-7480), anti-Bcl2 (sc-7382), anti-p-NF-κB (sc-136,548), anti-Iba-1 (sc-32,725), anti-Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; sc-33,673), and anti-β- actin (sc-47,778) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA). In addition, the anti-Cleaved Caspase-3 (#9664) antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). For Syntaxin and β-actin, the antibodies were diluted in TBST (1:10000) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA). Other primary antibodies were diluted in 1x TBST (1:1000), and Secondary anti-mouse HRP (Horseradish peroxidase) conjugated (Promega Ref# W402) and anti-rabbit HRP conjugated (Promega Ref# W401) were diluted 1:10,000 in 1× TBST and were purchased from Promega, (Fitchburg, WI, USA). TAK242, Resatorvid (CAS 243984-11-4), the specific inhibitor of TLR4. For the confocal microscopic studies, the secondary fluorescent antibodies used were goat anti-mouse (Ref# A11029) and goat anti-rabbit (Ref# 32732) diluted in 1× PBS.
