*2.2. Episodic Intake of Individually Presented GM and CM in Sated Adult Mice and Rats*

We based the protocol on previous studies assessing episodic intake of palatable tastants [26–28]. Individually housed mice and rats were accustomed (in homecages) to receiving one of the four isocaloric (0.6 kcal/g) solutions for 2 h/day on 2 days (10:00–12:00) prior to the experiments using their usual 250 mL sized water bottles (used for all bottle scenarios) to avoid neophobia(mice: *n* = 8–9/group; rats: 8–10/group): GM, CM, an energy-equivalent 15% sucrose solution (a reference palatable solution), or a 15% cornstarch (CS) suspension (a negative control for palatability; as CS is insoluble in water, 0.3% xanthan gum was added to this liquid in this experiment as described previously in [29]). On the experimental day, bottles with the solutions (at room temperature) were placed in the cages and water and chow were removed for the 2-h experimental session. Spillage (g) from each individual bottle was recorded before placement into cage. Intakes were measured after 2 h using a digital scale and expressed in grams per gram of body weight. This feeding experiment was conducted in a separate cohort of animals. Composition of the milks are shown in Table 1.

**Table 1.** CM and GM milk powder composition.

