**Alberto Monje 1,2,\*, Angel Insua <sup>2</sup> and Hom-Lay Wang <sup>3</sup>**


Received: 31 January 2019; Accepted: 21 February 2019; Published: 25 February 2019

**Abstract:** The prevalence of implant biological complications has grown enormously over the last decade, in concordance with the impact of biofilm and its byproducts upon disease development. Deleterious habits and systemic conditions have been regarded as risk factors for peri-implantitis. However, little is known about the influence of local confounders upon the onset and progression of the disease. The present narrative review therefore describes the emerging local predisposing factors that place dental implants/patients at risk of developing peri-implantitis. A review is also made of the triggering factors capable of inducing peri-implantitis and of the accelerating factors capable of interfering with the progression of the disease.

**Keywords:** peri-implantitis; peri-implant endosseous healing; dental implantation; dental implant; alveolar bone loss
