• **Selection**

Selection operator [28] develops the population by choosing the trial and parent vectors (precursor) which presents a best fitness [29]:

$$X\_i^{(G+1)} = \begin{cases} \begin{array}{c} X\_i^{\prime\prime(G)} \
if \ f\left(X\_i^{\prime\prime(G)}\right) \le f\left(X\_i^{\prime(G)}\right) \\ \end{array} \begin{array}{c} i = 1, \ldots, N \, P. \end{array} \tag{5}$$

This optimization procedure is replicate to the number of generations to obtain superior fitness functions because they required optimal values to explore the search space.

#### 2.2.2. Biogeography Based Optimization

Biogeography Based Optimization (BBO) is the investigation of topographical propagation of living classes which is based on mutation and migration procedures [30].
