*Appendix D.3 Data for Passive Systems*

In passive systems, the energy flows from engines (including diesel engines, gasoline engines, aircraft engines, and other engines) are input into the vehicle passive system. All of electric motors, and most of electric heater and electronic devices are input into the factory passive system. The rest of electric devices are allocated to the building passive system.

The flows of different vehicles are based on previous flows of engines and the proportion are estimated based on the energy consumption data of transportation [26], as shown in Table A3 (e.g., the diesel engines are used not only by trucks, but also by trains, ships, agro-vehicles and motors in factories).


**Table A3.** The shares of engines energy flows to different vehicles of China in 2015.

The proportion of heat flows into the factory and the building [25] is shown in Table A4.

**Table A4.** The shares of heat flows into the factory and the building of China in 2015.


Due to lack of indigenous data, after getting the total input data, the fuel directly used in the factory is estimated based on the proportion of fuel used in U.S. industry [39] as shown in Table A5.

**Table A5.** The shares of fuel directly used in the factory.


And the energy allocation of fuel and heat used in the building is estimated by the shares of household energy use on global average [40] as shown in Table A6.


**Table A6.** The shares of flows from fuel and heat to building systems on global average.
