*Appendix D.4 Data for Final Services*

The energy flows from vehicles to transportation services are estimated from transportation statistics [26]. In this study, road transportation has been allocated (cars for passenger, trucks for freight), but shares of passenger and freight transport in other transportation (e.g., train, ship, plane) are estimated according to their utilization as shown in Table A7.

**Table A7.** The shares of flows from vehicles to transport services in China in 2015.


The energy flows from buildings to final services is estimated based on the global average data of household fuel use [40] and the data of electricity consumption by home appliances in China [26], as shown in Table A8.


**Table A8.** The shares of final services from building systems in China in 2015.

It is difficult to allocate energy flows from the factory passive system into various final services, because there are too many sub-sectors in the system serving for different final services. To simply the calculation, firstly, we divided the industrial sectors in the sheet of 2015 Final Energy Consumption by Industrial Sector (Standard Quantity) [25] into 11 groups as shown in Table A2 (factory). Then, the allocation of energy flows into relevant final services is estimated based on these subdivided departments. For instance, the steel, mineral, non-ferrous metals and construction are allocated into structure. The energy used for producing transport equipment is reckoned to be divided equally between the passenger and the freight. Some items in the machinery and other industrials whose usage can not be easily sorted (e.g., manufacture of general equipment, recycling of the waste) are assumed to be equally allocated among the various final services. Food and agriculture are allocated to sustenance. Textile flows to thermal comfort. Paper is allocated to communication.
