*A.2. Dispatch Algorithm*

The dispatch algorithm decides how energy is distributed throughout the system. ISLA uses a load-following dispatch algorithm that has been modified to accommodate desalination as shown in Figure A3. First, the algorithm checks if solar PV power at that timestep can supply both the electrical demand and desalination power. If so, the BESS is charged, and any more excess power is absorbed by the desalination plant. Otherwise, power is drawn from the Li-ion BESS. If the Li-ion BESS does not suffice, additional diesel generation is called. If this still does not suffice, then a power outage is declared, and the system is infeasible.

**Figure A3.** Load-following dispatch algorithm used by ISLA. To reduce carbon emissions, the system prioritizes the usage of stored Li-ion BESS energy over diesel power if solar PV power is insufficient.
