*3.1. Existing Policy and Current Status*

ASEAN is facing energy challenges in supplying sustainable and secure energy due to its increasing growth and depleting natural oil reserves. The rapid economic growth comes with a 50% increment in the regional energy demand within a decade [74]. The case studies are discussed in two sections. The first section looks into several essential policies in facilitating the installation and progression of the biofuel industry among the three Southeast Asian countries, namely Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. The second section discusses the challenges and the shift of attention on the upstream and downstream process of the biofuel supply chain following the progression of the biofuel industry.
