**Appendix C**

In the energy Sankey diagram of this study, the energy sources reflect the sources (including indigenous production, import, export, and stock change) of various primary energy (including oil, coal, gas, biomass, and other) that input into the energy system. The intermediate conversion reflects different forms of utilization of primary energy, e.g., directly used as fuels for engines and burners, used for power generation and heat generation, used by energy industrials themselves, and transformed to other industrial materials. The end-use conversion devices are devices where the primary energy is converted into useful energy such as motion, heat, cooling etc. The passive systems are places where useful energy output by end-use conversion devices is lost as low-grade heat in exchange for final services, such as vehicle, factory and building. The final services are the goods and services provided by useful energy in passive systems, such as transport services, production services and living services. The detailed classification and description of each part in the Sankey diagram is listed in Table A2.


**TableA2.**ClassificationanddescriptionofeachpartintheSankeydiagram1.


Train

Agro-vehicle

 Rail vehicle: diesel, diesel-electric,

 Agriculture vehicles such as tractors

 electric, and steam


