*2.1. Step 1: Process Integration with Pinch Analysis*

Pinch Methodology [29] is a method to calculate thermodynamically feasible energy targets based on thermodynamic principles and analysis. The GCC [25] illustrates the difference between the heat available from hot streams and the heat required by cold streams at every temperature level, identifying the residual heating and cooling demands of the process, to be covered by external utilities. A key property of these targets is that both loads and temperatures of the utility targets are identified. In this study, the process is firstly analysed by Pinch Analysis. The target duties of cold and hot utilities required by the process are determined, and the inlet and outlet temperatures of the heat source and heat sink for heat pumping are selected, using the GCC.
