*4.3. Implementation of IoT and Advanced Technologies*

IoT and other advanced technologies have made numerous important contributions. As an example, in addition to wasting a source of energy, leaked natural gas—mostly CH4—is a powerful GHG and a significant contributor to climate change [158]. A number of options have been proposed by leading oil companies [159] as next-generation detection devices, deployed from space orbit, from traditional high-altitude planes, and, most recently, from low-cost drones operating close to the ground; these latter devices are able to perform for long periods in self-managed automatic mode. Artificial intelligence, connected sensors, and data analytics will play an increasingly significant role in energy system design [160], renewable energy integration [161], predictive maintenance [162], and policy formulation. These approaches are currently being implemented in renewable energy technology companies [160].
