2.2.2. Carbon Emissions Calculation

Because this study only focuses on energy-related carbon emissions, the calculation of emissions is based on the fossil fuel consumption. There are mainly three broad categories and 18 types of fossil fuel (see Table 2) considered in this paper. Equation (1) is used to calculate fuel-related carbon emissions:

$$C\_i = \sum\_j E\_{ij} \times NCV\_j \times CCV\_j \times O\_j \tag{1}$$

In this equation, the subscripts *i* and *j* denote the *i*-th sector and the *j*-th fuel, respectively, *Ci* is the total carbon emissions of different sectors, *Eij* represents the different energy consumption in different sectors, *NCVj* refers to the net calorific value of different energy types, *CCVj* is the carbon content per calorific value of different fuels, *Oj* is the carbon oxidation rate of the fuel. Due to the possible error between the actual carbon emission factors of China's coal and that recommended by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) [21], the data of *NCVj*, *CCVj* and *Oj* used in this paper are mainly taken from China's official statistics including General Principles for Calculation of the Comprehensive Energy Consumption [22] and Guidelines for GHG Inventories [23], a few of the data not published are from the default value recommended by IPCC [24], all of them are shown in Table 2.


**Table 2.** Parameters for Calculating Carbon Emissions.

1,2 Data of other coking products and other petroleum products are from the IPCC [24], while other values are from China's official statistics [22,23]. <sup>3</sup> TJ is 1012 Joules.
