**7. Conclusions**

Artscience collaboration programs in organizations as a specific form of ABIs show a lot of potential on the individual level and on the interpersonal level. Depending on their design, they can additionally contribute to organizational goals and needs in various ways. Nevertheless, it is di fficult to measure outcome directly and long-term e ffects are di fficult to determine or foresee. Thus, artscience collaboration programs are not standardized managemen<sup>t</sup> tools; they have to be developed and realized carefully depending on the organizational culture, context, and needs. Additionally, as individuals only engage in artscience collaboration if they are interested, artists and scientists need to be motivated and understand the value for their personal development through such process. Intertwining the di fferent needs, artscience collaboration can be extremely valuable to all contributing parties, to the organization as a host, to its environment and stakeholder groups, as well as to the development of artistic and scientific fields—as many cases show. More targeted research and broader value proposition will help better understand and demonstrate such value. Neuroscience can be one of the new tools to validate and measure the value on human levels; and related movements in open innovation and STEAM can help guide design of the next generation artscience programs, and further materialize their potential.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, Methodology, Analysis, Data Curation, and Writing—Original Draft Preparation: C.S.; Joint Further Development after Original Draft of Sections 3 and 5–7, B.S. and C.S.; Validation and Writing—Review and Editing, B.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

#### **Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Acknowledgments:** The authors want to thank all interview partners for their openness to reflect and talk about their artscience experience. Particularly, they thank the interview partners from the five exemplary stories presented in this paper who also generously made interviews with scientific and artistic collaboration partners in the residency programs possible: Domhnaill Hernon, Bianka Hofmann, Sabrina Haase, Christina Agapakis, Natsai Audrey Chieza, Forest Stearns, Noah Weinstein, Vanessa Sigurdson. And thanks to the Art|Sci Center UCLA for the first author's short research stay. The authors also want to thank the editor and the reviewers for their encouragemen<sup>t</sup> and their constructive and valuable feedback.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interests.

#### **References and Notes**


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