**Responsive Economic Model Predictive Control for Next-Generation Manufacturing**

#### **Helen Durand †**

*Article*

Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; helen.durand@wayne.edu; Tel.: +1-313-577-3475 † Current address: 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.

Received: 31 December 2019; Accepted: 11 February 2020; Published: 16 February 2020

**Abstract:** There is an increasing push to make automated systems capable of carrying out tasks which humans perform, such as driving, speech recognition, and anomaly detection. Automated systems, therefore, are increasingly required to respond to unexpected conditions. Two types of unexpected conditions of relevance in the chemical process industries are anomalous conditions and the responses of operators and engineers to controller behavior. Enhancing responsiveness of an advanced control design known as economic model predictive control (EMPC) (which uses predictions of future process behavior to determine an economically optimal manner in which to operate a process) to unexpected conditions of these types would advance the move toward artificial intelligence properties for this controller beyond those which it has today and would provide new thoughts on interpretability and verification for the controller. This work provides theoretical studies which relate nonlinear systems considerations for EMPC to these higher-level concepts using two ideas for EMPC formulations motivated by specific situations related to self-modification of a control design after human perceptions of the process response are received and to controller handling of anomalies.

**Keywords:** economic model predictive control; chemical processes; responsive control; artificial intelligence; interpretability; controller verification
