3.2.4. MAS Tools for the Energy Domain

In a MAS of the energy system, agents can represent market players, network components, or part of/a whole system [9]. Therefore, the multi-agent architecture of energy and power systems is designed for dealing with the system complexity [9,23]. Meanwhile, multi-agent simulations allow investigating the statics and changes of the physical systems, electricity market and market players' behaviors. There are multi-agent simulators in the various domain for different purposes, e.g., CoABS (https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~{}softagents/project\_grants\_coabs.html) grid [62]. The selected literature shows that the multi-agent simulators in the energy system can be divided into three main areas:

	- Mosaik (https://mosaik.offis.de/): [49,50] is a flexible smart grid co-simulation framework, and allows to reuse and combine existing simulation models and simulators to create large-scale smart grid scenarios [63]
	- MASGriP (Multi-Agents Smart Grid Simulation Platform): models the internal operation of a smart grid with the consideration of all involved players [21].
	- Multi-Agent Simulator for Electricity Markets (MASCEM) (http://www.mascem.gecad.isep. ipp.pt/overview.php/): can simulate many market models and player types, and enable decision-support [21].
	- Agent-based Modeling of Electricity Systems (AMES) (http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/tesfatsi/ AMESMarketHome.htm): simulates wholesale power market operation including load, market participants, grid [66].
	- Power Trading Agent Competition (Power TAC) (https://powertac.org/): is an open-source platform that simulates future electricity market including broker types of energy retailers, commercial or municipal utilities, or cooperatives [67].
	- Electricity Market Complex Adaptive System (EMCAS) (https://ceeesa.es.anl.gov/projects/ emcas.html): simulates diverse participants' strategies and behaviors in the electricity market [68]
	- Multi-Agent Negotiation and Risk Management in Electricity Markets (MAN-REM): simulates electricity markets, and emphases the bilateral contracting and risk management [37].
	- Adaptive Learning strategic Bidding System (ALBidS): aims to integrate market strategies, evaluate performances under different contexts of negotiation, and provides decision support to electricity markets negotiating players [69].
