*3.2. Price Adjustments*

Generally, day-ahead dynamic price for an end-user consists of three distinct parts: the day-ahead market price (*pD <sup>t</sup>* ), a flat network tariff (*pDSO*) and taxes (*ptax*). Thus, the day-ahead price at any given time, *pt* can be expressed as,

$$p\_t = p\_t^D + p^{DSO} + p^{\text{tax}}.\tag{9}$$

In the Netherlands, the day-ahead market price for a particular day has an hourly resolution and is available at 12:00 on the day before after the closure of the day-ahead market. The network tariff is usually fixed and is around EUR 150 per year. On top of these, the energy tax is applied based on the volume of energy consumption [5].

In this work, we aim to vary the flat network tariff to influence the end-users for shifting the flexible appliances from the peak hours to off-peak moments.
