*4.5. Extension to Weather Dependency*

As a first extension of the basic scenario, we added a sensitivity in the charging demands to external conditions, which become visible at run-time. Specifically, we added a change in electrical energy demand of the vehicles dependent on the ambient temperature *T*. For simplicity, a simple relationship between outside temperature *T* and the additional vehicle energy consumption *ESpec* due to air conditioning, heating, and battery behavior was assumed (see [23,24] for more information):

$$E\_{Spc} = \begin{cases} -1.4458T + 21.255, & (-20 < T \le 14) \\ 0, & (14 < T \le 20) \\ 1.25T - 25, & (21 < T \le 40) \end{cases} \tag{3}$$

This means that vehicles with a lower SoC arrive at the charging point and more energy is needed to fully charge the battery. The relation between energy demand and outside temperature is shown in Figure 3.

**Figure 3.** Temperature-dependent energy demand (in kWh/km) of EVs.
