*2.3. Signal Interference and Collision*

Interference and collisions are also important challenges in IoT. An approach sensing the spectrum to identify interference in IIoT devices is [17], but in practical use it takes a large amount of time to identify the issue and provide a solution. A more recent method [18] uses support vector machines that can sense under 300 ms and classifies external interference. In other words, a management system is required to minimize the amount of collisions and increase the effectiveness, such as [19] that uses a self-learning system based on reinforcement learning. Adeyemi et al. presented in [20] a robust data exploration study performed on daily Internet data traffic generated in a smart university campus for 12 consecutive months.
