**4. Proposed Multiagent EMS Platform**

This section presents the MAS implemented for MG management and will present the developed agents and the proposed management strategy.

The agents are implemented in the Java Agent Development framework (JADE) platform. This platform respects the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents' (FIPA) standards that are considered as the reference for MAS standards used by computer science developers' community. JADE platform has the default Agent Management System (AMS) that controls the platform, creates and destroys other agents. The default Directory Facilitator (DF) is the agent responsible for registering all connected agents of the platform. Thus, if another agent wants to communicate with his peer, he has to ask the DF who will provide him with the name of the connected agent. In addition to these agents, the Agent Communication Channel also called the Message Transport System, is the agent in charge of transferring messages between agents of the platform [39]. JADE also provides graphical management service for platform management and control through the remote management agent (RMA). Any agent created in JADE is hosted in a container. This latter has all services for executing and hosting agents. Figure 2 presents the structure of the JADE platform, according to the FIPA agent management reference model.

**Figure 2.** Jade platform architecture.

The MG considered in this work is composed of wind generators, PV panels, storage units, controllable load, and non-controllable load. The MG is operating in grid-connected mode. Each one of these components has a specific agent. There are three agent categories: The management agents, backup agent, and communication agents.

The MAS implemented is illustrated in Figure 3.

**Figure 3.** MAS architecture.
