*3.1. Physicochemical and Chemical Properties of Soil*

The pH value of soil from the cultivation of winter wheat, winter rape, and field pea ranged from 5.4 to 6.1 (Table 2). The most favorable pH value, the highest sorption capacity, and saturation with base cations were demonstrated for the soil sown with winter wheat, which offered the most beneficial conditions for the development of this crop (Table 3). This soil was also the richest in available phosphorus and potassium, and had the closest-to-optimal carbon to nitrogen ratio (14.8).


**Table 2.** The soil acidity and cation exchange capacity.

Homogeneous groups denoted with letters (a, b, c) were calculated separately for each property.



EBC—exchangeable base cations, HAC—hydrolytic activity, CEC—cation exchange capacity, BS—base saturation. Homogeneous groups denoted with letters (a, b, c) were calculated separately for each property.
