**5. Conclusions**

The crop and its cultivation regimes contributed to the development of specific conditions which modify soil microbiome. The rhizosphere of winter wheat had a more beneficial effect on bacteria development and enzyme activity than those of winter rape and field pea, as indicated by the values of the ecophysiological diversity index (EP) in the soils sown with the tested plants. Microbiological indices, including bacterial count and diversity, as well activities of soil enzymes, are reliable indicators of soil environment conditions, and are also helpful parameters in the evaluation of soil fertility and productivity.

**Author Contributions:** J.W. conceived and designed the ideas and wrote the manuscript with the help of A.B., J.K., J.O.; J.O. conducted the field experiment; J.W.; J.K.; A.B. collected and analyzed data, and wrote the manuscript; A.B. conducted the bioinformatic analysis and visualization of data; all authors contributed to the final version of this manuscript.

**Funding:** This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education funds for statutory activity. Project financially supported by Minister of Science of Higher Education in the range of the program entitled "Regional Initiative of Excellence" for the years 2019-2022, Project No. 010/RID/2018/19, amount of funding 12.000.000 PLN."

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
