*3.5. Fusarium Species*

Presence of biomass of six *Fusarium* species was detected in wheat grain. *Fusarium langsethiae* was detected only in six samples in trace amounts. On average, the highest amount of DNA was found as follows for *F. poae*, *F. graminearum*, *F. sporotrichioides*, *F. culmorum,* and *F. avenaceum* (Table 6). It was true in organic field. In conventional field concentration of *F. culmorum* DNA was higher than *F. graminearum* and *F. sporotrichioides* DNA.


**Table 6.** Concentration of DNA (pg 100 ng<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> of wheat DNA) of five *Fusarium* species in grain of 30 wheat cultivars grown in conventional and organic fields.

Values within the same column followed by the different letters are significantly different at the level of probability \*\*\* *p* < 0.001 or \* *p* < 0.05. *F. a.—F. avenaceum*, *F. c.—F. culmorum*, *F. g.—F. graminearum*, *F. p.—F. poae*, *F. sp.—F. sporotrichioides*, *Fusarium* DNA—total DNA of five species.

Total *Fusarium* DNA concentration in organic samples was more than twice higher than in conventional samples. It ranged from 15.4 ('Batuta') to 405.2 pg 100 ng<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> ('Figura') in conventional samples and from 15.3 ('Batuta') to 1205.8 pg 100 ng<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> ('Slade') in organic samples. The difference was statistically significant. Similarly, significantly higher (about three times) were concentrations of *F. poae, F. graminearum, F. avenaceum,* and *F. sporotrichioides* in organic samples. Amount of *F. culmorum* was

about twice higher in organic samples; however, di fference was not statistically significant. The most *Fusarium* colonized was grain of 'Figura', 'Kampana', and 'Alcazar' cultivars in conventional field and 'Muszelka', 'Kampana', 'Turkis', 'Ostroga', 'Meteor', 'Bogatka', 'Alcazar', and 'Slade' in organic field (Table S7).
