**4. Preparation, Properties and Application of CNC**/**GNM Hybrids**

CNC has aroused a tremendous amount of interest of the scientific community in recent years due to its outstanding features and can be employed as an independent functional material, template support, stabilizer, filler or reinforcing agent. Recently, it has been combined with numerous GNMs such as GN [128], GO [129], RGO [130], GQDs [131–133], free-standing graphene (FSG) [134] and graphene nanoscrolls [135] to produce hybrid materials with excellent thermal, mechanical, optical and electronic properties. However, several scientific and technical issues can be encountered during the production of such hybrid materials such as agglomeration, limited dispersion, process scalability and high costs, among others. Hence, many research works have been carried out and others continue to be conducted worldwide to overcome these problems and obtaining efficient CNC/GNM for a wide range of applications. The emphasis of the following subsections will be dedicated to the most important approaches used to produce CNC/GNM hybrids as well as their properties. Specific attention will be dedicated to the investigations performed during the last few years.
