*6.3. Composites of Nanocellulose and Activated Carbon*

Activated carbon is a form of carbon processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area, which is then available for the adsorption and removal of various toxic contaminants and microorganisms. Composite membranes consisting of a bilayer of porous activated carbon and TEMPO-oxidized plant-derived CNFs showed high capability for removing *Escherichia coli* from water [29]. Activated carbon was also a component of a wound dressing material consisting of a polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose acetate phthalate polymeric composite film, reinforced with Cu/Zn bimetal-dispersed activated carbon micro/nanofibers. This material suppressed the growth of *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, the most prevalent bacteria in infected wounds caused by burns, surgery and traumatic injuries [30].
