*Article* **Robust Design Optimization for Low-Cost Concrete Box-Girder Bridge**

#### **Vicent Penadés-Plà 1, Tatiana García-Segura 2 and Víctor Yepes 1,\***


Received: 28 January 2020; Accepted: 8 March 2020; Published: 11 March 2020

**Abstract:** The design of a structure is generally carried out according to a deterministic approach. However, all structural problems have associated initial uncertain parameters that can di ffer from the design value. This becomes important when the goal is to reach optimized structures, as a small variation of these initial uncertain parameters can have a big influence on the structural behavior. The objective of robust design optimization is to obtain an optimum design with the lowest possible variation of the objective functions. For this purpose, a probabilistic optimization is necessary to obtain the statistical parameters that represent the mean value and variation of the objective function considered. However, one of the disadvantages of the optimal robust design is its high computational cost. In this paper, robust design optimization is applied to design a continuous prestressed concrete box-girder pedestrian bridge that is optimum in terms of its cost and robust in terms of structural stability. Furthermore, Latin hypercube sampling and the kriging metamodel are used to deal with the high computational cost. Results show that the main variables that control the structural behavior are the depth of the cross-section and compressive strength of the concrete and that a compromise solution between the optimal cost and the robustness of the design can be reached.

**Keywords:** robust design optimization; RDO; post-tensioned concrete; box-girder bridge; structural optimization; metamodel; kriging
