2.2.2. Virtual Abatement Costs of Pollutants

The virtual abatement costs (*Cva*) generated by the air and water pollution generated during the building life cycle can be quantified based on the bill of quantities and life cycle inventory. The formula is as follows:

$$\mathcal{C}\_{\rm vu1} + \mathcal{C}\_{\rm vu2} = Q\_1 \times c\_{\rm vu1} + Q\_2 \times c\_{\rm vu2} \tag{2}$$

where *Q*<sup>1</sup> is the amount of air pollutants, based on LCI; *Q*<sup>2</sup> is the amount of water pollutants, based on LCI; *cva*<sup>1</sup> is the unit virtual abatement costs of air pollution (see Table 4); *cva*<sup>2</sup> is the unit virtual abatement costs of water pollution (see Table 5).


**Table 4.** Unit virtual abatement costs of air pollution (unit: CNY/t).

**Table 5.** Unit virtual abatement costs of water pollution (CNY/kg).

