*3.3. Unit Power Demand*

Unit power demand (*UPD*) is determined in a similar way to *UEC*, but only focuses on the equipment operating at the peak load period (i.e., summer in Kuwait) and can be expressed as [44]:

$$\text{LUP} = P \times \text{RLF} \times \text{CDF} \tag{10}$$

where *P* is the nameplate power per unit and rated load factor (*RLF*) is the ratio of the maximum operating demand of equipment to the rated input power. For example, air conditioners that operate above their rated input power could result in an *RLF* greater than one. The coincidence diversity factor (*CDF*) is used to account for the fact that not all stock units are operating at the peak time. The coincidence diversity factor is defined as the peak demand of a population of units at the system peak time to the peak demand of an individual unit, and can be expressed as [45]:

$$\text{CDF} = \frac{k\mathcal{W}\_{\text{pop}}}{\sum\_{i=1}^{n} (k\mathcal{W}\_{i} \times RLF\_{i})} \tag{11}$$

where *kWpop* is the peak demand of the population of units; *kWi* is the nameplate rating of unit *i*; and *RLFi* is the rated load factor of unit *i*.
