*4.2. Limitations*

• The total environmental cost of the case study building in Xiamen is 50 CNY/m<sup>2</sup> lower than that of case building in Beijing. However, due to the lack of actual operation data, energy consumption data is analyzed based on the reference of the local yearbook, which represents the general operational energy cost of all buildings, including public buildings and residential buildings. Further research should focus on using specific operation data to increase the reliability and accuracy of the estimation results.


**Author Contributions:** Y.W. provided the idea and led the research work. B.P., X.Z. and J.W. conceptualized the problem, performed the proposed methodology and the case study and prepared original draft. Y.L., C.S. and S.Z. reviewed and edited the original draft. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research has been supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China (grant number 2016YFC0701806) and China Railway Construction Real Estate Group North Co. LTD (grant number C19L01450).

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
