**7. Conclusions**

The aim of this study was to evaluate the theoretical and practical readiness of nurses in MID management. The results indicate that nurses working in Najran EDs in the southern part of the KSA have good theoretical knowledge but lack confidence in their practical performance. Several studies have shown the significance of self-confidence in healthcare workers' responses to real crises [24–28]. Since theoretical knowledge should go hand in hand with practical knowledge to achieve successful outcomes in MIDs, bolstering practical emergency preparedness exercises, for example, with scenario-based simulation exercises [4] may enhance nurses' readiness for crisis response.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization: M.A.S.S., A.K.-M.; Data curation: M.A.S.S., H.J.A.S.; Formal analysis: M.A.S.S., H.J.A.S., A.K.-M., E.C., J.L.S., and F.T.; Investigation: M.A.S.S.; Methodology: M.A.S.S., E.C., A.K.-M.; Project administration: M.A.S.S.; Resources: M.A.S.S.; Supervision: A.K.-M.; Validation: E.C., J.L.S. and F.T.; Writing—original draft: M.A.S.S.; Writing—review and editing: A.K.-M., E.C., J.L.S., and F.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Acknowledgments:** All authors would like to thank James W. Peltier for providing us the questionnaire.

**Conflicts of Interest:** Authors declare no conflicts of interest.

## **Appendix A Questionnaire**

The questionnaire is divided into two parts. The first six questions related to demographic and individual information, while the remaining 45 knowledge-based questions are distributed in the 10 emergency preparedness competency dimensions.

*Appendix A.1 PART I*
