*2.1. Setting*

A collaborative project was initiated in late 2016 by researchers at Umeå University to improve collaboration during rescue operations in underground mines. Sixteen exercise organizers with relevant experience of full-scale exercises and influence over both exercises and the organizational practices participated, including one rescue service manager, two managers and two operative personnel from the EMS, three managers from two mining companies, one manager and three educators from a company working with training, and three researchers and one teacher from Umeå University. During this project the group of exercise organizers met regularly both for conducting collaboration meetings and for meetings focusing on planning, conducting, and reviewing the full-scale exercises. This made the project adaptable, through the process of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting [32], where new solutions could be developed to respond to the challenges encountered during the exercises.
