*3.2. Questionnaire*

The questionnaire (Appendix A) was developed by using the Nominal Group Technique [25]. Three academically skilled experts with extensive experience in instrument development and disaster and emergency managemen<sup>t</sup> (one physician, one prehospital nurse, and one hospital nurse) developed the tool and tested it for face validity based on logic, relevance, comprehension, legibility, clarity, usability, and consensus. The questionnaires contained a vignette where the facility of interest faces a fictitious scenario of a mass casualty incident and is asked to help the healthcare sector to respond. It included both open-ended and close-ended questions to capture and generate relevant data [26,27]. Questionnaires were sent out January–March 2020 to 99 primary healthcare centers, dental and veterinary clinics, schools, sports facilities, and hotels during the first phase of this study.
