*5.1. Sta*ff

The required sta ffing of a FSC-response system is crucial. Those who are supposed to operate the ACFs must have both the necessary competencies and be readily available when the need arises. Some facilities of interest, such as PHCCs and veterinary clinics, have the capacity and ability to care for a few patients with minor injuries from a MID. Nonetheless, if they are to care for a group of patients or to deliver a higher level of care, they must be reinforced with additional sta ff. Other facilities, such as dental and veterinary clinics, lack competent sta ff to care for injured patients. Hotels and sports arenas may not have sta ff resources that are appropriately trained to care for even patients with minor injuries [12]. Establishing a dynamic personnel base between competencies and across disciplines could solve some issues of sta ffing. Sta ff can, to some extent, be reassigned from ambulatory or home-service care and from hospital wards not under severe pressure from the MID. Emergency sta ff, including physicians, will likely have a prominent role in managing the care at ACFs, as their competency is required at the center of all responses to MIDs [31]. Volunteers with appropriate skills and competencies (e.g., from the Red Cross or other volunteer civil defense organizations) can also report to an established ACF and help healthcare professionals to deliver appropriate care. There have been exciting developments regarding the use of immediate responders and initiatives such as CITIZENAID and Stop the bleed that educate the public in simple and lifesaving techniques that can be used in a MID [32]. A recent publication from Sweden indicated a high willingness among civilians to participate in the managemen<sup>t</sup> of MIDs [32]. Civilian defense conscription can be activated by the governmen<sup>t</sup> without declaring heightened alert and can potentially contribute (at least in part) to sta ffing ACFs [33–36].

#### *5.2. Stu*ff *(Healthcare Equipment and Materials)*

Ensuring the adequate distribution of sufficient critical equipment is a significant task for the proposed FSC-response system. Many respondents indicated that the amount of material and equipment present at their facilities are among the most constricting factors on their capability and capacity. Distributing a material cache to potential ACFs appears to be an efficient and viable way of stocking and equipping a functional FSC response system [18]. The content of the proposed material cache should be adapted to the size and assigned task. Stockpiling used to be a convenient method to secure the provision of essential goods, but the contemporary strategy is generally built on "just-in-time delivery" and access to international markets and imports [34,35]. Altogether, the purveyance of healthcare goods and materials to countries such as Sweden has become more vulnerable than previously recognized [34–37]. To compensate for resource scarcity, many county administrative boards have developed and should develop creative solutions for supplemental reinforcement, including networking with other committees for shared resource pools and infrastructure for improved response.
