**4. Results**

There were 56 participants registered, however, only 52 could complete the course. The four physicians excluded (two females and two males) had to go back to work due to emergencies, and were not presented at all levels of simulation training. A sum of 52 EPs took part in the entire course on two occasions. Nurses were also invited to these courses, but none were registered due to hesitance of the spoken language of the course (English). There were 36 females and 16 males. The age of the participants ranged between 26–35 years, with a range of experience between 1–10 years as EP. The majority of participants were from the hospitals in Bangkok. However, 16 physicians were from hospitals in other parts of Thailand. The pre- and post-training tests were conducted before and after the session.

	- a. During the exercises, each team selected its leader with three leadership styles, without any previous knowledge and spontaneously;

**Figure 2.** Shows the results of the pre-, and post-test in Command and Control.

**Figure 3.** Shows the results of the pre-, and post-test in Safety issues.

**Figure 4.** Shows the results of the pre-, and post-test in Communication.

**Figure 5.** Shows the results of the pre-, and post-test in situation Assessment.

**Figure 6.** Shows the results of the pre-, and post-test in Triage.

**Figure 7.** Shows the results of the pre-, and post-test Treatment issues.

**Figure 8.** Shows the results of the pre-, and post-test Transport issues.
