**4. Conclusions**

A novel strain NEAU-SSA 1<sup>T</sup> that exhibited antibacterial activity against *Ralstonia solanacearum* was isolated from a soil sample. Morphological features, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, and multilocus sequence analysis based on five other house-keeping genes (*atp*D, *gyr*B, *rec*A, *rpo*B, and *trp*B) suggested that strain NEAU-SSA 1T belonged to the genus *Streptomyces*. Physiology and biochemical characteristics, together with DDH relatedness values and ANI values, clearly indicated that strain NEAU-SSA 1T could be differentiated from the closely related strains *S. aureoverticillatus* JCM 4347T, *S. vastus* JCM 4524T, *S. cinereus* DSM 43033T, *S. xiangluensis* NEAU-LA29T, and *S. flaveus* JCM 3035T. Based on the polyphasic analysis, it is proposed that strain NEAU-SSA 1T should be classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus *Streptomyces*, for which the name *Streptomyces sporangiiformans* sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-SSA 1T (=CCTCC AA 2017028<sup>T</sup> = DSM 105692T).

**Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online at http://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/9/360/s1, Figure S1: Maximum-likelihood tree showing the phylogenetic position of strain NEAU-SSA 1T (1412 bp) and the related species based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The out-group used was *Kitasatospora setae* LM-6054T. Only bootstrap values above 50% (percentages of 1000 replications) are indicated. Bar, 0.01 nucleotide substitutions per site. Figure S2: Maximum-likelihood tree based on MLSA analysis of the concatenated partial sequences from five housekeeping genes (*atp*D, *gyr*B, *rec*A, *rpo*B, and *trp*B) of isolate NEAU-SSA 1<sup>T</sup> and related taxa. Only bootstrap values above 50% (percentages of 1000 replications) are indicated. *Kitasatospora setae* LM-6054<sup>T</sup> was used as an out-group. Bar, 0.05 nucleotide substitutions per site. Table S1. Growth and cultural characteristics of strain NEAU-SSA 1T. Table S2: MLAS distance values for selected strains in this study. Table S3: General features of the genome sequence of the type strain NEAU-SSA 1T.

**Author Contributions:** J.Z. and L.H. performed the isolation and morphological and biochemical characterization of strain NEAU-SSA 1T. M.Y. performed the antifungal test. P.C. analyzed DNA sequencing data and genomic sequencing data. D.L. performed chemotaxonomic analysis and phylogenetic analysis. X.G. prepared the figures and tables. Y.L. performed the morphological observation by transmission electron microscopy. X.W. and W.X. designed the experiments and edited the manuscript.

**Funding:** This work was supported in part by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFD0201606), the National Natural Youth Science Foundation of China (No. 31701858), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M631907), the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund (LBH-Z17015), the University Nursing Program for Young Scholars with Creative Talents in Heilongjiang Province (UNPYSCT-2017017), and the "Young Talents" Project of Northeast Agricultural University (17QC14).

**Acknowledgments:** The authors would like to thank Aharon Oren (Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, the Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem) for helpful advice on the specific epithet.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare that there are no conflict of interest.
