*2.10. ROS Production*

2 ,7 -Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFHDA) (Sigma Aldrich) is a cell-permeable non-fluorescent probe, which is de-esterified intracellularly and turns to highly fluorescent 2 ,7 -dichlorofluorescein upon oxidation. Isolated neutrophils were incubated with DCFHDA for 20 min and after seeded to 96-well plate, they were treated with different stimulators. The plate was then transferred onto a fluorescent plate reader, EnVision 2104-0010 (Perkinelmer, MA, USA), and detected the fluorescent value or Thermo Scientific CellInsight personal cell imaging platform to acquire ROS immunofluorescence images.

#### *2.11. Liver Damage Assessment*

Serum ALT and AST levels were detected by BS-200 Chemistry Analyzer (MINDARY, China).

#### *2.12. Histology Analysis*

Liver tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. Liver tissue sections (5 μm) were stained with H&E for assessment of liver inflammation and injury. The inflammatory response was quantified by calculating inflammatory area using Image J software. Fifteen randomly selected areas per sample were measured as the mean value of the expressed percentage of inflammatory area.

#### *2.13. Statistical Analysis*

The results are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical significance was assessed by Student's t-test or one-way ANOVA for analysis of variance when appropriate. Correlation coefficients were calculated by Pearson test. *p* < 0.05 was considered to be significant. All results were verified in at least three independent experiments.

#### **3. Results**
