**Future Powertrain Technologies**

Editors

**Stephan Rinderknecht Philippe Jardin Arved Esser**

MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin

*Editors* Stephan Rinderknecht Technische Universitat Darmstadt ¨ Germany

Arved Esser Technische Universit¨at Darmstadt Germany *Editorial Office* MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66

4052 Basel, Switzerland

Philippe Jardin Technische Universit¨at Darmstadt Germany

This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal *Vehicles* (ISSN 2624-8921) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/vehicles/special issues/ Powertrain).

For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below:

LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. *Journal Name* **Year**, *Volume Number*, Page Range.

**ISBN 978-3-03943-753-5 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-03943-754-2 (PDF)**

Cover image courtesy of Institute for Mechatronic Systems in Mechanical Engineering, TU Darmstadt.

c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications.

The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND.
