*4.1. Chemicals*

Analytical grade acetone, acetic acid, anhydrous sodium acetate, ethanol, hexane, hydrochloric acid, potassium chloride, sodium carbonate, and sulfuric acid were obtained from Chem Supply (Port Adelaide, South Australia, Australia). High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade methanol, acetonitrile, formic acid, and ammonium acetate as well as analytical standards (Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, vanillin, gallic acid, cyanidin-3-*O*-glucoside, (+)-catechin, coumestrol, formononetin, genistein, and naringenin) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Australia).
