**5. Conclusions**

While N is proposed as the primary limiting nutrient for plant growth, warming and N input resulted in a change from N limitation to P limitation in a semiarid meadow steppe; therefore, P was arguably more limiting in the grassland ecosystem in the study area. Our results showed that AMF play a vital role in maintaining plant nutrient balance and affect plant growth by altering plant nutrient uptake. AMF might slow the rate of P limitation in the Songnen meadow steppe under global change, which would alter plant community composition under future global change. In addition, AMF enhance the soil stability and sustainability of plant-soil systems.

**Author Contributions:** L.M., T.Z. and J.G. designed the research; L.M., X.Y. and H.C. performed the research; L.M., T.Z. and J.G. wrote and revised the paper.

**Funding:** This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31470405, 31770359), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2412018ZD011).

**Acknowledgments:** We thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on this manuscript.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
