*Article* **Developing an Awareness Campaign to Reduce Second Hand Smoke Among Disadvantaged Families—A Participatory M-Health Approach**

**Tobias Weinmann 1,2,3,\*,†, Katja Radon 1,2,3,†, Freya Sukalla 2,4,5, Jessica Gerlich 1,2,3, Swaantje Barth 1,2,3, Dennis Nowak 1,2,3 and Veronika Karnowski 2,4**


4 Department of Communication Studies and Media Research, LMU Munich, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 Munich, Germany


Received: 14 August 2018; Accepted: 5 September 2018; Published: 6 September 2018

**Abstract:** Children from disadvantaged families are particularly exposed to second hand smoke in their home environment. Using a mixed methods participatory approach, we aimed at identifying suitable media channels and appropriate content for a campaign increasing caregivers' knowledge about the risks of second hand smoke (SHS) exposure for their children and appropriate measures for exposure reduction. In the first phase of the mixed method design, we evaluated knowledge and norms about children's SHS and perceived barriers for avoiding it. To this end, we conducted 26 one-to-one interviews with smoking caregivers of children below the age of six years. Subsequently, we developed and illustrated core messages and identified appropriate communication channels. These were evaluated in focus group discussions by 20 of the 26 interview participants. After a final revision, 121 caregivers evaluated the campaign via an online questionnaire. Online social networks were identified as the most suitable media channel. For these, we developed animated photos with voiceovers addressing the potential consequences of SHS for children. The overall rating of the campaign messages was promising. Participants confirmed that it was important to address the issue in social media. However, sharing the pictures was considered unlikely due to the sensitive topic of the campaign, while the importance of doctors or scientists being recognizable as a source was highlighted. Employing a participatory approach, we developed an m-health campaign, which can now be disseminated in social networks to reach the target population. The effectiveness of the campaign should be evaluated.

**Keywords:** participatory research; second hand smoking; communication media; vulnerable populations; migrants
