**5. Conclusions**

In conclusion, individuals who initiate a long-term exercise program do not increase their energy intake in a compensatory fashion, if diet advices are included. Our findings suggest that there is no substantial effect of the type of exercise on macronutrient selection or energy intake, but they point out a general change on these parameters when an exercise program is followed. Significant increases in carbohydrate and protein intakes and decreases in fat and total energy intakes were reported, regardless of the type of exercise, BMI category or gender, as a result of following a weight loss program. Furthermore, in a subsample of the present study, individuals who started the intervention performing

higher number of daily steps increased more their protein intake than those who performed <7500 daily steps. Lastly, there were increases in diet and exercise motivations, although motivation to exercise was incremented only in women.

**Author Contributions:** The study was designed by D.G.-L., E.A.C. and E.V.C.; data were collected and analyzed by A.B.P., B.L.-P., E.A.C., E.V.C. and R.C.; data interpretation and manuscript preparation were undertaken by A.B.P., B.L.-P., D.G.-L., E.A.C., E.V.C., P.J.T. and R.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** The PRONAF Study takes place with the financial support of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Convocatoria de Ayudas I+D 2008, Proyectos de Investigación Fundamental No Orientada, del VI Plan de Investigación Nacional 2008-2011, (Contract: DEP2008-06354-C04-01). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001.

**Acknowledgments:** We thank to the participants and professionals involved in this study.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
