*2.1. Participants*

Data for this study were derived from the Nutrition and Physical Activity for Obesity Treatment (PRONAF). The inclusion criteria specified adult subjects, aged 18 to 50 years, who were overweight or obese (25 kg/m2 <sup>≤</sup> body mass index [BMI] <sup>≤</sup> 34.9 kg/m2), sedentary (<30 min physical activity/day and no participation in systematic strength or endurance training—moderate to high intensity more than once a week—in the year prior to the start of the study), normoglycemic, non-smoking and, if females, with regular menstrual cycles. Furthermore, participants with orthopedic limitations, records of stroke, eating disorders such as anorexia, bulimia etc., or any other diseases or medications that could have an effect on performance were also excluded from the study. From the 180 participants that comply with at least 90% of the training sessions and an 80% adherence to the diet total, 162 subjects were included in the analyses regarding the influence of type of exercise and 91 participants in the analyses concerning the influence of physical activity. All participants signed a written informed consent. The PRONAF study was approved by the Human Research Review Committee of the University Hospital La Paz (HULP) (No.NCT01116856).

## *2.2. Study Design and Intervention*

The intervention lasted 22 weeks and the assessments took place one week before (baseline) and after (post) the intervention. Subjects were randomized by drawing lots to compose to one of the four intervention groups—strength training (S), endurance training (E), combined strength + endurance training (SE) and a guideline-based physical activity (PA), assuring a homogeneous distribution of age and gender among groups. The complete methodology and the diagram flow can be found in Zapico et al. [13].
