*Review Candida* **sp. Infections in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus**

#### **Célia F. Rodrigues 1,2,\*, Maria Elisa Rodrigues 1 and Mariana Henriques 1**


Received: 14 December 2018; Accepted: 3 January 2019; Published: 10 January 2019

**Abstract:** Candidiasis has increased substantially worldwide over recent decades and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among critically ill patients. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that predisposes individuals to fungal infections, including those related to *Candida* sp., due to a immunosuppressive effect on the patient. This review aims to discuss the latest studies regarding the occurrence of candidiasis on DM patients and the pathophysiology and etiology associated with these co-morbidities. A comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken. PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier's ScienceDirect, and Springer's SpringerLink databases were searched using well-defined search terms. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to classify relevant manuscripts. Results of the review show that DM patients have an increased susceptibility to *Candida* sp. infections which aggravates in the cases of uncontrolled hyperglycemia. The conclusion is that, for these patients, the hospitalization periods have increased and are commonly associated with the prolonged use of indwelling medical devices, which also increase the costs associated with disease management.

**Keywords:** *Candida*; biofilms; diabetes; medical devices; candidiasis; metabolic disorder; hyperglycemia; infection
