*10.3. Nematodes*

*Ascaris*, *Trichuris* and hookworms are soil transmitted nematodes, and transmission is related to inadequate methods for faecal/wastewater disposal. Risk of *Necator* infections were linked to rainfall in East Timor [135]. For *Ascaris lumbricoides*, higher temperatures in the coolest quarter of the year resulted in reduced risk. There is little evidence to suggest that changes in climate might greatly increase disease transmission and evidence that helminth control measures, if effectively undertaken, might cause substantial reductions in disease. A SR of spatial and temporal distribution of soil transmitted helminths was used to determine changing disease burden and predict treatment needs for eradication [136]. Another soil helminth SR and MA identified reductions in disease associated with WASH activities, but emphasised the limited nature of the studies, which were mostly observational [137].
