*3.2. Questionnaire Design*

Based on an extensive review of the relevant literature [6,52,53], the questionnaire survey was chosen as the main data instrument to solicit the opinions on the subject matter. In order to encourage participation, the questionnaire was completely anonymous and voluntary, respondents were assured of the confidentiality of their data [54]. No reminder letter was sent to the respondents during the data collection process. Vouchers were given to participants who completed the questionnaire and provided valid feedback successfully. Both of the questionnaires for Group A and Group B encapsulated three sections.

The first sections in the two versions are the same, where the researchers employed the Chinese version of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (i.e., TIPI-C) to evaluate the personality characteristics of the participants. The TIPI is a short inventory for the Five-Factor Personality assessment with only 10 items. The TIPI inventory was developed by Gosling, Rentfrow and Swann [34] and has been widely employed in psychological studies on PEBs [17,55]. Lavelle-Hill et al. [56], for example, employed the TIPI in a study on plastic bag consumption. In addition, Komatsu and Nishio [37] also adopted the Japanese version of the TIPI in a study on HESB. There are several studies on the validity and reliability of the Chinese form of TIPI [57,58]. All items in the first section used a 5-point Likert rating scale (i.e., 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree).

In the second section, the two questionnaires focus on the attitudes towards household and o ffice energy-saving behavior, respectively. Each of them includes four items using the 5-point Likert rating scale. The items employed in the questionnaires for the two groups are presented in Table 2. Besides, the researchers also provided a clear definition of energy-saving behaviors as well as some typical HESBs and OESBs (see Table 3) to the participants. The HESB-Q categorizes sixteen typical HESBs into four family scenes: kitchen, living room, bedroom and bathroom. The OESB-Q categorizes nine typical HESBs into two o ffice scenes: o ffice desk and pantry. The questionnaires then tested the energy-saving behavioral intentions of the participants in di fferent scenes. Di fferent from the first section, the items as well as the checklist in this section are original.

The final section was designed to collect the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. The items in the third section include questions about gender, age, education level and income level.


**Table 2.** The items in Section 2 of the Uniform Questionnaire


