5.3.3. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV)

This measure assumes a penetration of battery-powered electric vehicles (BEVs) according to a logistic function which saturates at 10% of the number of new LDVs sold in 2035, this value is between the 7% in 2030 estimated by [70] and 16% by 2035 estimated by [71]. It is also assumed that the additional investment cost related to conventional internal combustion vehicles is 20,000 USD in year 1 as published in [72] and that it decreases by half by 2035 as estimated by [70]. Finally, we assume that the maintenance costs are like those of a conventional vehicle.
