**3. Data Sources**

This study uses the monetary MRIO tables of China from 2007 and 2012 [23,24], and the energy-use data of the individual sectors by province [25], as well as the energy export, import, and inventory change of each province [26,27]. The "monetary" MRIO tables of 2007 and 2012 are of 30 sectors [23,24], while the energy-use data of the individual sectors by province is of 45 industrial sectors and 2 residential sectors [25]. For consistency, this study consolidates the industrial sectors in the different databases [23–25] into the same 31 sectors, with 8 energy sectors and 23 non-energy sectors. The energy types in the energy-use data are classified into eight groups corresponding to the eight energy sectors (see Table S1 and Table S2 in the Supporting Information for sector classification and energy grouping). Based on the data above, we compile "hybrid" MRIO tables of the years 2007 and 2012, whose energy inputs are described in physical terms (tonnes of coal equivalent in this study), and non-energy inputs are described in monetary terms (Chinese yuan in this study). A detailed description of constructing the hybrid MRIO tables for China can also be found in the Supporting Information.

The double deflation method is used to deflate the monetary flows in the hybrid MRIO table for the 2012 to 2007 constant prices [28] for SDA application. The price index of each sector is obtained from the National Statistical Yearbook [29,30] (see Table S3 for price deflators).
