*Article* **Toward a Low-Carbon Transport Sector in Mexico**

### **Jorge M. Islas-Samperio \*, Fabio Manzini and Genice K. Grande-Acosta**

Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco 62580, Morelos, Mexico; fmp@ier.unam.mx (F.M.); gkga@ier.unam.mx (G.K.G.-A.)

**\*** Correspondence: jis@ier.unam.mx; Tel.: +52-555-622-9791

Received: 23 July 2019; Accepted: 18 December 2019; Published: 23 December 2019

**Abstract:** Considering that the world transport sector is the second largest contributor of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to energy use and the least decarbonized sector, it is highly recommended that all countries implement ambitious public policies to decarbonize this sector. In Mexico the transport sector generates the largest share of greenhouse gas emissions, in 2014 it contributed with 31.3% of net emissions. Two original scenarios for the Mexican transport sector, a no-policy baseline scenario (BLS) and a low carbon scenario (LCS) were constructed. In the LCS were applied 21 GHG mitigation measures, which far exceeds the proposals for reducing transport sector GHG emissions that Mexico submitted in its National Determined Contributions (NDC). As a result, the proposed LCS describes a sector transformation path characterized by structural changes in freight and passenger mobility, new motor technologies for mobility, introduction of biofuels, price signals, transportation practices and regulations, as well as urban planning strategies, which altogether achieve an accumulated reduction of 3166 MtCO2e in a 25 year period, producing a global net benefit of 240,772 MUSD and a GHG emissions' reduction of 56% in 2035 in relation to the BLS.

**Keywords:** road transport; low carbon scenario; GHG mitigation measures; cost-benefit; mitigation cost; financing; climate change
