*2.2. Clinical Evaluation*

A retrospective medical record review of the recruited individuals evaluated was performed. Probands and available family members studied were evaluated by history taking, physical examination, 12-lead electrocardiography, 24-h Holter monitoring, TTE and CMRI or APE. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) evolution will be categorized into normal, slightly depressed (LVEF <55%), moderately (LVEF 45–35%) depressed, or severely depressed (LVEF <35%).

Possible trigger factors for LVNC (overloading conditions like pregnancy, anaemia o fistula as well as high intensity sport activity) were specifically investigated. Available relatives were screened with the same protocol.
