*Review* **Duchenne Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Cardiac Management from Prevention to Advanced Cardiovascular Therapies**

**Rachele Adorisio 1,\*, Erica Mencarelli 1, Nicoletta Cantarutti 2, Camilla Calvieri 2, Liliana Amato 1, Marianna Cicenia 2, Massimo Silvetti 2, Adele D'Amico 3, Maria Grandinetti 1,4, Fabrizio Drago <sup>2</sup> and Antonio Amodeo <sup>1</sup>**


Received: 20 August 2020; Accepted: 29 September 2020; Published: 1 October 2020

**Abstract:** Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by a hypokinetic, dilated phenotype progressively increasing with age. Regular cardiac care is crucial in DMD care. Early recognition and prophylactic use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) are the main stay therapeutic strategy to delay incidence of DMD-DCM. Pharmacological treatment to improve symptoms and left ventricle (LV) systolic function, have been widely implemented in the past years. Because of lack of DMD specific drugs, actual indications for established DCM include current treatment for heart failure (HF). This review focuses on current HF strategies to identify, characterize, and treat DMD-DCM.

**Keywords:** duchenne muscular distrophy; dilated cardiomyopathy; heart failure
