**5. Conclusions**

The semi-annual and annual cycles of temperature and the annual cycle of rainfall could be generated indeed by the ITCZ oscillation and modulated by the WAM. The models used in this study highlighted the variability of temperature and rainfall that are characterized by a significant upward trend in temperature and a low downward trend in rainfall. The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report review of climate model projections of temperature shows a consistent warming in all subregions, but less consistent patterns for rainfall [105]. Temperature and rainfall variability at Conakry site were analysed and linked to dominant modes of climate variability at annual to multiannual timescales.

There is a strong teleconnection between the SST of both pacific and Atlantic in the variability of rainfall and temperature. So, the annual variability of temperature and rainfall at Conakry are largely influenced by climate forcings AMM, TNA and Niño3.4. However, there is no significant influence of AN on these meteorological parameters. Furthermore, the warming of 1998 seems to be a response of the 1997–1998 strong El Niño event. Physically, the influence of climate modes on temperature and rainfall were found to vary at different time scales. In Guinea, more important mining projects are under way. And, in this regard, it would also be important to take into account the anthropogenic impacts in order to deepen our knowledge. This would allow us to better understand their variability which is useful in planning sustainable development projects. It is hoped that the results from this study would help to better understand climate variability in order to get sufficient operational decision support, and resource management for a sustainable development of developing countries.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, R.T.L.; Data curation, R.T.L.; Formal analysis, N.M. and N.B.; Resources, H.B.; Software, N.M.; Supervision, H.B., N.M., A.H., Z.B. and V.S.; Validation, A.H.; Writing—Original draft, R.T.L.; Writing—Review & editing, R.T.L., H.B., N.M. and V.S.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Acknowledgments:** This work is undertaken in the framework of the French South-African International Research Group LIA-ARSAIO (International Associated Laboratories—Atmospheric Research in Southern Africa and Indian Ocean) supported by the NRF and CNRS and by the Protea program. Authors are grateful to the Guinean Meteorological Service (GMS) for providing the temperature and rainfall data series used in this study, and to NOAA and KNMI web-teams for providing climate indices. Authors are thankful to Paulene Govender for proofreading. We are also thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
