3.5.4. Validation of Local Intensity Scaling of Precipitation

The local intensity scaling of precipitation was also combined with the variance scaled of temperature to calculate the K-G zone. This combination produced a similar K-G distribution as the combination of power transformation of precipitation and variance scaling of temperature in some regions except in the HIRHAM RCM (Figure 10). Based on the LOCI bias correction, the Csb climate zone occurred in Eastern Europe, and the BSk zone decreased in the Eastern region of the Mediterranean. The extension of the Dsc zone in Scandinavia and the extension of the Csb zone in Western France decreased in the ECHAM5-r3 driven RCMs compared to the power transformation variance scaling bias correction combination.

**Figure 10.** Simulated K-G climate classification according to E-OBS (**A**) and local intensity scaling of precipitation and variance scaling of temperature correction in ALADIN (**B**), HIRHAM (**C**), RegCM (**D**), RAMCMO2 (**E**) and RCA (**F**) in the test period in 1981−2000.

The residual bias of LOCI was extremely large in the HIRHAM model in the Iberian Peninsula in summer (Table 10). The residual bias increased in France compared to power transformation of the precipitation method. In contrast to this, the residual bias was smaller in Eastern Europe in the ECHAM5-r3 forced RCMs.

**Table 10.** Residual bias of the seasonal amount of simulated precipitation (a) in the case of local intensity scaling of the precipitation bias correction method in the test period in eight different regions: the Alps (AL), the British Isles (BI), Eastern Europe (EA), France (FR), the Iberia Peninsula (IP), the Mediterranean (MD), Mid-Europe (ME) and Scandinavia (SC) in DJF and JJA. The bias values are in %. The extremely large bias in the case of HIRHAM RCM in IP in the in JJA season is denoted by NA where the bias value is about 3 <sup>×</sup> <sup>10</sup>12.

