**5. Conclusions**

In this study, we found in general small differences in the 10-year return levels of maximum wind speeds under frozen and unfrozen soil, associated with large variability in the timing of annual maximum wind speeds. On the other hand, larger differences can be expected in the warmer climate. When the soil frost period gets even shorter, there is also a shorter window, and thus smaller probability, for strongest winds to occur in the time of frozen soil.

Further validation of used wind multiplier method could benefit from wind observations measured in a more variable topography compared to observations at operational weather stations used in this study. However, the wind multiplier approach is a pragmatic and computationally feasible way to produce extensive high-resolution dataset to identify local scale areas with elevated wind damage risk compared to regional characteristics. Data produced here is made openly available to promote its further use as a part of a more comprehensive wind damage risk assessment in forest planning and forestry.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, A.V. and M.L.; methodology, M.L., I.L. and A.V.; software, M.L. and I.L.; formal analysis, M.L. and I.L.; writing—original draft preparation, M.L.; writing—review and editing, M.L., A.V., H.M.P. and I.L.; visualization, M.L. and I.L.; supervision, A.V.; project administration, A.V.; funding acquisition, H.M.P. and A.V.

**Funding:** This research was supported by the Strategic Research Council of the Academy of Finland (FORBIO project, grant number 314224).

**Acknowledgments:** We thank Pentti Pirinen for technical support with wind multipliers. We also thank anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
