2.3.7. Changes in Urinary KIM

Except for the two studies after a marathon mentioned above [23,46], uKIM was studied only in 5 studies coming from 3 centers. In all these studies, uKIM-1 was increased.

Bongers et al. found an increase in uKIM-1 after 30- and 150-min submaximal exercise [26] and after one day of walking, with a subsequent decrease in its level after 3 consecutive days of marching [44]. In the first study, the uKIM-1 corrected to uCr, uCyst-C and urine osmolality showed no significant changes [26]. In the second study, uKIM- 1 corrected to osmolality was increased, while uKIM-1/uCr and uKIM/uCyst-C ratios were unchanged [44]. Wolyniec found an increase in uKIM-1 but not in the uKIM/uCr ratio after a treadmill test, 10 and 100 km runs [45,47]. Jouffroy found a significant increase in uKIM-1 but not in uKIM/uCr during an 80-km run. Interestingly, nine days after the race, uKIM-1 remained significantly higher than the baseline level [51].
