2.3.4. Changes in uNGAL after Exercises Longer than a Marathon

The uNGAL level was elevated after all exercises longer than a marathon run. Bongers found that prolonged walking exercise at 70% intensity caused a 2.25-fold increase in uNGAL on day 1, and a 1.54-fold increase on day 3 compared to the baseline levels [44]. An uNGAL increase was also found by Lippi et al. after a 60-km run (7.7- fold increase in uNGAL) [40], by Jouffroy et al. after an 80-km run (5-fold increase after 53 km, and 2.5-fold after 80 km, without significant changes in uNGAL/uCr) [51], by Wolyniec et al. after 100 km (6.82-fold increase in uNGAL, and only a 2.94-fold increase in uNGAL/uCr) [45] and by Poussel el al. after a 120-km run (2.6-fold increase in uNGAL and a 1.5-fold in uNGAL/uCr) [27]. Only 6.25% of the participants in the Wołyniec study and 12.5 % in the Poussel study had uNGAL/uCr above the reference value [27,45].
