*3.11. EVs*

General features and meaning of EVs have already been dealt with in the paragraph on DGF biomarkers. EVs represent a versatile tool given the huge variety of mediators included in their cargo. Therefore, potential applications of plasma and urinary EVS as biomarkers have also been studied in AR, as outlined in Table 6. In some studies, EVs levels have been considered as biomarkers themselves [99], whereas a set of specific molecules included in their cargo proved to be a potential biomarker of AR in others [142–146].


