Operation and Maintenance Cost

Another time-dependent cost is the one due to operation and maintenance [40] that includes both scheduled and major corrective maintenance. This cost is component-specific, as it strictly depends on the characteristics of the component (e.g., it may include periodical cleaning, wiring replacement, and screw and bolt tightening). To this extent, many definitions of this cost are available.

$$\mathcal{C}\_{operation,i}(t) = \mathcal{C}\_{operation, yearly, i} \cdot P\_i(t) \cdot \frac{t}{T\_s} \tag{5}$$

where *Coperation*,*yearly*,*<sup>i</sup>* is expressed in \$/kW/Year; *Pi*(*t*) is the instantaneous power flow related to different components *i*; e.g., the power generation of PV modules and power provided by the battery pack. *Ts* is the time normalization factor defined as in Equation (2). The *Coperation*,*<sup>i</sup>* includes the base cost of element replacement inside each component during its operating lifetime.
