*3.1. Strains and Culture Conditions*

The microalgal strain used in this study was *C. protothecoides* CS-41 obtained from CSIRO Marine Laboratories (Hobart, Australia). They were grown in modified basal medium [32] containing 10 g·Lƺ1 glucose at 28 °C and 180 rpm, and were collected at the log phase or late log phase. 
