*2.1. Labeling Dataset*

Labeling of the fire flame and smoke in the images was done using the LabelImg program. This paper used a variety size of labeling including fire flame and smoke to train the images, as shown in Figure 3. The labeling results are stored in the .xml file with the image file name along with the four-point coordinates of each rectangle. For labeling dataset, there are two things to be considered. First, a list of class is necessary for the dataset. Second, bounding boxes (Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax) will be generated by the labeling program according to the classes for images.

**Figure 3.** Example of labeling area for fire and smoke dataset image.
