**Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Membrane-Bound Enzymes in Biomimetic Configurations**

#### **Julia Alvarez-Malmagro, Gabriel García-Molina and Antonio <sup>L</sup>ópez De Lacey \***

Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, c/Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain;

j.malmagro@csic.es (J.A.-M.); gabriel.garcia.m@csic.es (G.G.-M.)

**\*** Correspondence: alopez@icp.csic.es

Received: 27 May 2020; Accepted: 14 June 2020; Published: 16 June 2020

**Abstract:** In nature, many enzymes are attached or inserted into the cell membrane, having hydrophobic subunits or lipid chains for this purpose. Their reconstitution on electrodes maintaining their natural structural characteristics allows for optimizing their electrocatalytic properties and stability. Di fferent biomimetic strategies have been developed for modifying electrodes surfaces to accommodate membrane-bound enzymes, including the formation of self-assembled monolayers of hydrophobic compounds, lipid bilayers, or liposomes deposition. An overview of the di fferent strategies used for the formation of biomimetic membranes, the reconstitution of membrane enzymes on electrodes, and their applications as biosensors is presented.

**Keywords:** biosensor; biomimetic membranes; membrane-bound enzymes; electrodes
