2.2.4. Electrothermal Measurement

A small amount of sample was filled into a capillary tube and then was put on the sample holder of the Electrothermal AZ 9003 apparatus (Staffordshire, UK). The start temperature on the device was set at 10 ◦C under the first transition temperature point of each sample, with a heating rate of 10 ◦C min−1. Phase changes, including water releasing, melting point, and decomposition, were observed via the magnification viewer on the apparatus. The temperature related to the sample's behavior under heating was recorded thoroughly.
