*4.3. Scenario Performance Indicators*

Three performance indicators of total annual water-related electricity demand per person in LADWP, annual water use per person per day in LADWP and total electricity demand intensity of water supply (including electricity provided by LADWP and other electric utilities) are illustrated in Figure 5 from the historical reference year to 2020–2050 trajectories. The results show that annual water-related electricity demand per person across all years for LADWP's future water supply scenarios ranges

between 98 and 269 kWh/person, with lower values for S1. In fact, the long-term annual electricity demand per person values for S2, S3 and S4 are close to the historical average value (247 kWh/person per year). In all scenarios, whether assuming a dry year or average weather year, the daily water use per person is expected to be lower in all projection years than the historical per person daily water use (475 L/P/D) (due to water conservation assumptions). The large difference between daily water use per person between S2 and S4 is due to the additional conservation that was projected for a future dry weather. The wedges in Figure 5 show the total electricity demand intensity of water supply system. The electricity demand intensity of the water supply system is relatively higher for S2, S3 and S4 (between 1.5 and 2 kWh/m3) as compared to S1 (between 0.5 to 1 kWh/m3). The total electricity demand intensity value estimates are comparable to the range of energy intensities reported by Porse et al. [17] as 1.44–1.51 kWh/m<sup>3</sup> and Sanders [16] as 0.53–2.03 kWh/m<sup>3</sup> for average weather condition in 2034/2035.

**Figure 5.** Annual electricity demand per person versus water use per person per day for the studied water supply scenarios for LADWP. The wedges indicate the total electricity demand intensity of water supply system.
