*3.1. Analytical Model*

This mathematical model predicts the MPP ( *<sup>P</sup>*mpp in W) as a function of the irradiance ( *G* in W/m2) and the module temperature ( *T* in ◦K).

$$P\_{\rm mpp} = \left( \left[ \frac{k\_{\rm P}}{100} \cdot \Delta T + 1 \right] \cdot G \cdot A \cdot \eta \right) \cdot \eta\_{\rm mpppt} \cdot N\_{\rm rms} \cdot N\_{\rm sp} \tag{1}$$

where *<sup>k</sup>*p, Δ *T*, *A*, *η*, *η*mppt, *N*ms and *<sup>N</sup>*sp are, respectively, the temperature coefficient of *<sup>P</sup>*mpp in %/◦K [21] (or maximum power correction factor for temperature [20]), module temperature difference between the module temperature *T* and the STC module temperature *T*stc in ◦K (Δ *T* = *T* − *T*stc), area covered by PV cells in m2, STC module efficiency, MPPT efficiency [22], number of modules in series in each string and number of strings in parallel. A similar alternative is presented in [20] where *A* · *η* is replaced by *<sup>P</sup>*mpp stc/*G*stc.
