**4. Conclusions**

In this paper, a DPP converter has been used in PV modules with di fferent static interconnection schemes including series-parallel (SP), total-cross-tied (TCT), central-cross-tied (CCT), and bridge-linked (BL). The power production from the PV modules under various interconnection schemes and mismatch conditions have been explored. More importantly, a comparison of the power production between the traditional bypass diode and the DPP-based architecture for a 4 × 4 PV array has been performed. It has been found that the two configurations—i.e., SP and CCT with the DPP converters—produce more power than traditional bypass diode-based architecture. On the other hand, TCT and BL configurations are not suitable for integrating the DPP converters due to their inherent hardware limitations. Hence, the DPP-based interconnection might be a promising solution to enhance the energy yield for PV modules with minimal mismatch power losses during partial shading conditions. It is especially suitable for the SP configuration, which is the most commonly used configuration in practice. However, the integration of DPP converters will inevitably increase the cost and complexity of the overall system, which requires further analysis.

**Author Contributions:** K.A.K.N., conceptualization, investigation, methodology, validation, writing—original draft preparation; Y.Y., project administration, supervision, writing—review and editing; M.N., writing—review and editing; D.S., supervision, writing—review and editing.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
