**5. Conclusions**

Altogether, this Special Issue summarizes current knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of comorbidities in CKD, with a main focus on CVD. This reveals the urgen<sup>t</sup> need to further invest e fforts in uncovering CKD-specific cardiovascular pathological mechanisms and mediators of disease in order to pave the way for new therapeutic strategies, tailored specifically to the CKD patient.

**Author Contributions:** All authors listed have made substantial, direct and intellectual contribution to the work, and approved it for publication. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This work and associated APC were funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) SFB/TRR219 (S-03, C-04, M-05), Project-ID 403224013-SFB 1382 (A-04), by the CORONA foundation, the Interreg V-A EMR program (EURLIPIDS, EMR23) and by a gran<sup>t</sup> from the Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research within the faculty of Medicine at the RWTH Aachen University (project E8-3). In addition, this work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie gran<sup>t</sup> agreemen<sup>t</sup> No 764474 (CaReSyAn).

**Acknowledgments:** We thank all scientists who contributed to this Special Issue.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could present a potential conflict of interest.
